#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH kirani1_20211202_134101 DATATRACK_ID:2959 STUDY_ID:ST002204 ANALYSIS_ID:AN003607 PROJECT_ID:PR001407 VERSION 1 CREATED_ON June 29, 2022, 11:00 am #PROJECT PR:PROJECT_TITLE Endothelial Sirtuin1 Suppresses Whole-body Insulin Sensitivity by Modulating the PR:PROJECT_TITLE Secretome PR:PROJECT_TYPE Profiling metabolites in skeletal muscle PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Profiling metabolites in skeletal muscle from wild type vs. endothelium-specific PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Sirt1 knockout (E-Sirt1-KO) mice. PR:INSTITUTE University of Iowa PR:DEPARTMENT Internal medicine PR:LABORATORY Irani lab PR:LAST_NAME Irani PR:FIRST_NAME Kaikobad PR:ADDRESS RM 2256 CBRB, Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52242 PR:EMAIL kaikobad-irani@uiowa.edu PR:PHONE 319-335-8821 PR:FUNDING_SOURCE AHA Award #20CDA35320042 #STUDY ST:STUDY_TITLE Endothelial Sirtuin1 Suppresses Whole-body Insulin Sensitivity by Modulating the ST:STUDY_TITLE Secretome ST:STUDY_TYPE End point ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) in skeletal muscle (SK) and fat protects against metabolic ST:STUDY_SUMMARY damage by stimulating insulin sensitivity. Here we report that mice with ST:STUDY_SUMMARY selective deletion of endothelial Sirt1 (E-Sirt1-KO) paradoxically exhibit ST:STUDY_SUMMARY heightened whole-body insulin sensitivity. Akt phosphorylation, glucose uptake, ST:STUDY_SUMMARY and glycolysis are boosted in SK and brown adipose tissue (BAT) of E-Sirt1-KO ST:STUDY_SUMMARY mice. E-Sirt1-KO mice have higher energy expenditure and are partially protected ST:STUDY_SUMMARY from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Enhanced insulin sensitivity and ST:STUDY_SUMMARY peripheral tissue Akt phosphorylation in E-Sirt1-KO mice is transferrable to ST:STUDY_SUMMARY wild-type mice via the systemic circulation after surgical parabiosis. Silencing ST:STUDY_SUMMARY of Sirt1 in endothelial cells upregulates transcription of the F-actin-binding ST:STUDY_SUMMARY protein thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4), whose secretion activates Akt in skeletal ST:STUDY_SUMMARY myotubes. Sirt1 downregulation stimulates endothelial Tβ4 transcription through ST:STUDY_SUMMARY inhibition of autophagy and upregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Thus, unlike Sirt1 in skeletal muscle and fat, endothelial Sirt1 curtails ST:STUDY_SUMMARY whole-body insulin sensitivity by inhibiting expression of secreted Tβ4 ST:INSTITUTE University of Iowa ST:DEPARTMENT Internal medicine ST:LABORATORY irani ST:LAST_NAME Irani ST:FIRST_NAME Kaikobad ST:ADDRESS RM 2256 CBRB, Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52242 ST:EMAIL kaikobad-irani@uiowa.edu ST:PHONE 3193358821 #SUBJECT SU:SUBJECT_TYPE Mammal SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES Mus musculus SU:TAXONOMY_ID 10090 SU:GENOTYPE_STRAIN wild type and endothelium-specific Sirt1 knockout mice SU:AGE_OR_AGE_RANGE 12 weeks old SU:WEIGHT_OR_WEIGHT_RANGE ~30 g SU:HEIGHT_OR_HEIGHT_RANGE n/a SU:GENDER Male SU:ANIMAL_ANIMAL_SUPPLIER Jax SU:ANIMAL_HOUSING University of Iowa animal house SU:ANIMAL_LIGHT_CYCLE 12 h light/12 h night SU:ANIMAL_FEED Standard Chow SU:ANIMAL_WATER Tap water SU:ANIMAL_INCLUSION_CRITERIA n/a SU:SPECIES_GROUP n/a #FACTORS #SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS: SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Raw file names and additional sample data SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - S1 Genotype:WT RAW_FILE_NAME=00112_KI_QL_20190322_ISQ_SIM_0100_WT_05.cdf SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - S2 Genotype:WT RAW_FILE_NAME=00112_KI_QL_20190322_ISQ_SIM_0100_WT_08.cdf SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - S3 Genotype:WT RAW_FILE_NAME=00112_KI_QL_20190322_ISQ_SIM_0100_WT_11.cdf SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - S4 Genotype:KO RAW_FILE_NAME=00112_KI_QL_20190322_ISQ_SIM_0100_KO_06.cdf SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - S5 Genotype:KO RAW_FILE_NAME=00112_KI_QL_20190322_ISQ_SIM_0100_KO_07.cdf SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - S6 Genotype:KO RAW_FILE_NAME=00112_KI_QL_20190322_ISQ_SIM_0100_KO_09.cdf SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - S7 Genotype:KO RAW_FILE_NAME=00112_KI_QL_20190322_ISQ_SIM_0100_KO_10.cdf SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - S8 Genotype:KO RAW_FILE_NAME=00112_KI_QL_20190322_ISQ_SIM_0100_KO_12.cdf SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - S9 Genotype:KO RAW_FILE_NAME=00112_KI_QL_20190322_ISQ_SIM_0100_KO_13.cdf #COLLECTION CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY 40 mg of tibialis anterior was rapidly harvested and frozen immediately in CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY liquid nitrogen. Metabolites were separated, measured, and analyzed. CO:SAMPLE_TYPE Muscle #TREATMENT TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY After 5 to 6 h of fasting, mice were anesthetized and skeletal muscle were TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY collected. #SAMPLEPREP SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Tissue samples were lyophilized overnight prior to bead mill homogenization in SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY 18:1 (µl:mg wet tissue weight) ice-cold 2:2:1 methanol:acetonitrile:water SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY extraction buffer containing a mixture of internal standards (D4-citric acid, SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY D4-succinic acid, D8-valine, and U13C-labeled glutamine, glutamic acid, lysine, SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY methionine, serine, and tryptophan; Cambridge Isotope Laboratories). Homogenates SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY were rotated for 1 hour at -20°C. Homogenates were centrifuged for 10 minutes SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY at 21,000 x g, and 150 µl of the cleared metabolite extracts were transferred SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY to autosampler vials and dried using a SpeedVac vacuum concentrator (Thermo). SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Dried metabolite extracts were reconstituted in 30 μl of 11.4 mg/ml SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY methoxyamine (MOX) in anhydrous pyridine, vortexed for 5 minutes, and heated for SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY 1 hour at 60°C. Next, to each sample 20 μl of SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (TMS) was added, samples were vortexed SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY for 1 minute, and heated for 30 minutes at 60°C. SP:SAMPLEPREP_PROTOCOL_FILENAME GC_Method_Tissue.pdf #CHROMATOGRAPHY CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY 1 μl of derivatized sample was injected into a Trace 1300 GC (Thermo) fitted CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY with a TraceGold TG-5SilMS column (Thermo) operating under the following CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY conditions: split ratio = 20-1, split flow = 24 μl/minute, purge flow = 5 CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY ml/minute, carrier mode = Constant Flow, and carrier flow rate = 1.2 ml/minute. CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY The GC oven temperature gradient was as follows: 80°C for 3 minutes, increasing CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY at a rate of 20°C/minute to 280°C, and holding at a temperature at 280°C for CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY 8 minutes. CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE GC CH:INSTRUMENT_NAME Thermo Trace 1310 CH:COLUMN_NAME Thermo TraceGold TG-5SilMS column CH:METHODS_FILENAME GC_Method_Tissue.pdf #ANALYSIS AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE MS #MS MS:INSTRUMENT_NAME Thermo ISQ MS:INSTRUMENT_TYPE Single quadrupole MS:MS_TYPE EI MS:ION_MODE POSITIVE MS:MS_COMMENTS The MS was operated from 3.90 to 21.00 minutes in EI mode (-70eV) using select MS:MS_COMMENTS ion monitoring (SIM). Data were QC normalized using NOREVA (PMID: 28525573). #MS_METABOLITE_DATA MS_METABOLITE_DATA:UNITS AU MS_METABOLITE_DATA_START Samples S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 Factors Genotype:WT Genotype:WT Genotype:WT Genotype:KO Genotype:KO Genotype:KO Genotype:KO Genotype:KO Genotype:KO 1-Octadecanol 26.64610733 25.7712191 19.0643173 22.9165523 25.83906135 25.55278951 23.08564904 20.4967554 27.53469924 2-Hydroxybutyrate 22.80155364 20.92778131 21.53421694 21.80288908 25.42567553 25.8108873 21.6375929 20.4232139 25.08876288 2-Hydroxyglutarate 45.41856423 36.94068451 19.46434509 18.11133929 17.31244327 25.57615586 18.11993997 21.63660465 26.15451947 3-Phosphoglycerate 31.4036057 21.51736916 17.15902217 17.01026064 27.33415596 25.85844134 18.93702629 35.96868861 20.90611314 6-Phosphogluconate 21.08312625 20.06891181 24.22549457 19.68601324 27.46542188 23.97424549 33.53406012 24.93381028 32.60621498 Aconitate 20.49884981 22.60888047 19.48431841 17.44020629 29.8780027 21.54298487 36.10743917 25.81104705 40.69280174 Adenine 26.30674338 26.18796058 24.39951207 24.6210554 26.59921414 25.53383074 25.71678708 21.97533971 24.05775137 Adonitol 27.37498647 41.98805816 40.41894819 33.70043083 31.72169679 46.7178548 49.83328799 44.17085753 30.52122133 Alanine 23.12639032 22.59944116 29.67834383 27.58780754 24.76943709 21.48796002 22.3730064 25.3280182 27.90855 alpha-Keto-beta-Methylvalerate (KMV) 26.29784792 20.72215374 28.93627311 33.13093688 12.62063716 23.77574464 12.51214235 21.25867553 21.39853287 alpha-Ketoglutarate 34.63761447 25.87622241 25.4676943 21.18343712 18.11666068 19.85276962 26.53668264 18.26076134 39.84199748 alpha-Ketoisocaproate (KIC) 18.74805329 20.74587268 26.43132506 27.33851116 26.35944445 30.10344146 28.78755903 20.10298036 29.01448088 alpha-Ketoisovalerate (KIV) 22.33266465 21.3643545 22.95686331 23.77404489 23.78823017 22.99649722 21.08373288 20.84791514 22.87596743 Aminoadipate 27.11466694 17.980257 31.46741104 20.7380752 14.99646961 30.7643353 19.11339816 26.82410626 18.11378038 Arachidic acid (Eicosanoic acid) 27.66032524 23.96039568 26.09655203 29.70213933 33.83729408 22.43164782 22.88513129 22.55900677 16.78219329 Arachidonate 28.01187687 25.1149575 21.92260908 24.86922352 24.18142261 25.47795471 27.57882908 22.41401491 28.46913227 Asparagine 24.81789952 26.89479811 22.18434838 27.39185237 19.7678155 32.18588714 25.06608938 25.25821763 29.42591118 Aspartate 18.97876758 20.92567359 34.17541437 21.09093231 21.62677 24.65142675 16.67504888 25.93894684 29.22648857 beta-Alanine 18.61776893 29.57355308 28.11967041 26.99188403 30.41453131 30.06530669 27.46883834 17.12136982 25.21992318 beta-Hydroxy beta-Methylbutyric acid (HMB) 17.74452714 32.53416692 26.55531103 23.48660801 23.00326989 29.37112795 29.98598663 23.32254844 36.50960365 beta-Hydroxybutyrate (3-Hydroxybutyrate) 23.80490849 31.06351754 36.25246623 24.45011913 13.60272247 29.63902104 36.03911419 15.46841824 25.364213 Cholesterol 25.86391366 24.35081476 21.67649199 22.60487048 24.55320203 25.29510717 28.2047009 25.47082686 27.77165552 Citraconate 34.96780574 26.23008084 22.04068082 27.64259181 20.83859329 15.85666998 19.79676204 39.34077849 18.81098123 Citrate 36.88853338 23.96561856 21.6912037 21.40774942 18.81608738 25.80958425 24.62053473 22.78065004 30.72873542 Citrulline 50.73069968 35.44564686 24.75348743 36.26321154 28.59612014 23.81155745 29.35138578 46.62844802 26.25841812 Cysteine 26.65020808 27.15020303 24.15224792 26.1008083 24.4878078 28.89527458 30.01352928 25.63594988 23.28731057 Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) 28.44262564 18.58162936 13.98248172 14.43865214 21.70297378 18.41212532 17.33488764 37.78339766 16.67030089 Fructose 31.08437981 26.49474304 22.45030261 19.85620266 27.0657862 43.84573609 32.82063406 38.60551882 21.71946722 Fructose 6-phosphate 21.31536742 15.47041803 14.39538765 10.36889263 46.40091014 54.32045051 22.59392566 28.43348957 20.73206601 Fumarate 31.01180848 21.96485321 28.27772746 22.7496045 23.44645297 26.82398439 19.64286924 29.64750447 28.93383266 Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 28.26858928 31.71450161 16.08006947 22.18042071 23.43012076 28.21907101 29.37169191 22.68694197 31.04771242 Glucose 33.09235304 16.41976794 30.45747877 22.5578656 26.66438326 20.65184558 20.37426907 39.7055633 24.68674984 Glucose 6-phosphate 20.79267111 14.91608096 13.34588099 10.86397375 43.43498181 57.27790911 24.59566313 29.39809477 21.96213707 Glutamate 30.51043451 26.02090382 30.24535546 22.24278043 13.99729553 28.48774773 23.40302303 26.009802 19.80321874 Glutamine 24.17921932 30.12063264 29.25597434 24.69104563 19.08289988 26.61340095 27.88583851 22.8653454 22.85641989 Glycerate 32.08027207 22.92748752 22.71360206 22.31100741 30.18258116 28.55416436 23.42934157 29.53657981 22.52910055 Glycine 20.03961223 28.5877929 22.26324774 26.13603896 26.4614104 27.02252208 32.21804413 19.05899065 28.19793209 Guanine 25.51722298 20.39339419 23.90646419 23.65890613 44.26277603 23.27917246 26.43869221 19.32543641 27.05584124 Heneicosylic acid (Heneicosanoic acid) 23.78250458 41.72489849 22.27593046 38.29674707 30.289756 22.28818658 18.77551491 17.34081243 18.17661225 Heptadecanoic acid 25.74340358 26.57313874 23.58045812 23.76706929 28.26254118 25.7187051 27.8110126 20.38580908 29.7778673 Histamine 22.29059526 20.76147408 23.68671846 22.19244791 25.02061115 33.31188775 17.24027622 20.17272136 24.79823924 Histidine 23.87267354 19.46369616 25.76054693 26.3470725 18.74105395 33.84761456 18.86853878 16.49842796 19.73545657 Homoserine 31.80938393 24.01034207 23.10905688 25.45356225 18.50758903 23.80447684 20.64824615 25.37701874 21.0511916 Hypotaurine 29.72942888 20.5455655 15.09883522 21.38413381 18.38503995 26.09150502 21.60668406 23.86171032 40.53562338 Hypoxanthine 24.45271271 24.45226248 26.26895162 24.49381211 27.50670641 29.57091278 26.89349347 24.36006369 25.65478517 Inosine 20.37188012 26.69987771 26.54061981 25.61800849 26.42653806 27.31136636 30.86208172 22.77598927 29.72169823 Inotisol 28.03025681 17.87461987 24.48842274 20.93712196 20.73011568 27.94033734 27.90776565 30.49917065 21.89416399 Isocitrate 33.83476328 22.6987647 22.75462234 19.0160822 20.42338287 23.7398812 24.47911747 25.53789099 30.36426737 Isoleucine 18.17678587 28.71460295 33.11731594 27.50906625 18.12437881 30.28606622 31.08587506 22.08515063 20.3645636 Lactate 26.97353075 14.51561278 25.23202233 16.73832397 47.18889873 38.35244015 14.10846614 26.84813241 24.65487039 Lauric acid 32.67489035 32.28731371 26.63356096 31.27883047 20.4844131 21.42575651 24.8554418 36.96220584 22.5826739 Leucine 16.54622802 25.61244629 32.76641614 26.86105703 16.96632978 30.49009596 30.61389195 21.37994925 19.75809237 Linoleate 33.02113185 26.15718849 25.65086578 23.19482666 25.6022056 26.98105869 28.21145609 29.39032064 26.98332495 Linolenic acid 21.16967745 20.52282045 21.08384966 25.93496887 24.70651188 25.33696027 22.92958082 16.42683554 27.1532035 Lysine 42.90509146 18.65063508 23.68641435 21.46402358 17.24682261 23.61819502 26.00819334 30.93727036 22.40142039 Malate 32.09348298 20.65292141 28.98766018 22.46400043 21.32666922 27.60631965 17.81975665 31.01729156 30.43904989 Mannose 29.31934626 23.89763115 26.87766176 33.63042262 27.31399687 25.35084256 25.8916464 33.68999738 23.74746731 Methionine 29.02435236 21.15543805 22.18812898 25.77914199 18.90920657 22.30726521 21.16960571 27.76351101 26.3837666 Myristic acid 18.0662644 33.44073024 26.38650272 29.6985322 35.46236 33.19719484 34.4682368 15.45609387 28.67440082 N-Acetylglycine 30.62937219 25.63093002 32.85963979 31.41916576 14.11367351 17.3507169 10.79189174 19.33132248 12.76092115 N-Acetylmethionine 13.47969079 16.16469838 18.73466641 14.47621914 27.14700237 20.62768573 29.52480094 13.37190106 32.62910591 N-Acetylserine 34.1324866 30.1136966 23.74578407 29.84916835 16.99118502 27.61785736 22.31284571 27.04655841 21.30651057 Oleic acid 26.90203631 23.52685865 22.19627939 20.84969826 22.51777279 24.03393676 25.80783027 27.12651856 26.55022358 O-Phosphoethanolamine 27.82469238 22.58983225 23.22931295 22.35826639 23.12315847 26.70059466 28.21501742 26.03901508 26.98845633 O-Phosphoserine 23.46581679 24.65288368 23.28631696 24.2497735 25.44733786 23.89261201 24.07994947 20.7922508 37.72032294 Ornithine 30.34538406 27.13486602 23.61970802 26.61149188 22.65694379 29.97693284 26.23018238 24.08033069 30.18631674 Orotate 19.90033523 19.11604902 17.13078449 17.57370103 19.05381392 24.74587354 23.09253417 21.47796146 10.49673055 Palmitate 20.52710484 28.51539932 26.47438642 26.131657 26.43439874 27.83608782 30.6410317 20.28168933 28.28884385 Phenylalanine 22.23813417 25.05781612 25.24985463 25.328405 20.03636371 28.80999853 27.22254235 20.54536603 24.35227682 Phosphoenolpyruvate 28.69065088 26.41077626 24.43295463 25.10806203 27.31928958 24.90656732 26.29945207 27.42150002 26.16832928 Proline 26.63428736 31.19983511 26.91491453 28.51860142 12.32944583 29.37202879 23.34502119 25.39297798 20.67064114 Pterin 29.3967927 19.2171209 23.10835634 18.6550854 18.22872815 39.18697276 24.28493971 28.79865449 22.00689853 Pyruvate 18.24918129 15.81494668 23.33368532 14.864551 45.97658346 35.62116293 15.40744133 23.04596604 24.9518726 Ribose 24.80929002 27.65099443 22.47457093 22.03555541 28.23694979 25.09109134 27.9902821 22.19827404 21.26345338 Ribose 5-phosphate 28.18853561 26.83819613 19.67432024 19.58334151 29.12697819 32.19649194 28.77840045 27.63891953 21.01240921 Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate 35.8133056 36.11244667 20.1075207 25.67028399 44.28243759 29.56106698 37.54713521 41.4718148 23.6823015 Serine 27.4969168 24.49414057 22.85934302 27.4500508 22.64469295 25.5352743 23.41464948 24.13530193 25.44497878 Sphingosine 24.0535259 22.69232583 25.96523 23.1852432 25.81006682 29.25010921 27.99579043 24.30475921 26.9696897 Stearate 28.09562238 23.32652113 20.57444209 21.22276826 23.37050482 25.22101936 30.42222874 25.53558585 30.73305784 Succinate 21.00402363 25.78839361 22.04522385 18.15056832 39.35859039 39.05288174 18.54702608 22.9113678 21.73246409 Taurine 24.56731592 22.16896319 25.46815503 25.56385574 21.73911178 19.85371376 20.47868949 20.18992694 18.66089917 Threonine 31.92569182 23.88633033 27.71054551 25.81031386 20.46547137 23.14200234 22.97099614 24.75227263 24.53759841 Thymidine 25.59153341 25.12910646 19.67031812 24.00822123 25.59537412 25.355721 29.98605893 21.6802042 30.2943682 Thymine 25.01417507 29.70462759 20.07856929 25.73351706 28.66840817 31.39222579 34.72408933 17.91389495 27.35054201 Tryptophan 23.67093639 28.92126741 21.30643647 23.84003922 21.55001955 32.5157874 29.24932637 19.92303562 26.83619451 Tyrosine 33.37619928 21.88919611 14.09651187 24.72042056 24.48149616 28.3852682 28.42265896 22.48905111 29.70575671 Uracil 21.21841142 28.00932256 23.64384883 26.01692794 22.66580993 29.03569226 28.18291675 21.04870114 23.79763986 Urea 23.58758126 24.99728756 32.5936429 24.11079846 27.74973571 29.51222119 25.23770657 20.01033376 25.75083169 Valine 22.07118192 27.99944095 29.19213396 24.17835001 16.99351016 28.26532427 25.9370666 23.05090595 22.66494554 Xanthine 19.85997999 22.75855456 30.03464751 24.69739099 27.49813129 31.79492081 23.95230298 18.24309997 23.24830681 Xylose 42.41854982 35.55151571 31.17555367 24.52649569 39.8950873 42.39597602 50.51200484 49.29915156 29.90655297 MS_METABOLITE_DATA_END #METABOLITES METABOLITES_START metabolite_name 1-Octadecanol 2-Hydroxybutyrate 2-Hydroxyglutarate 3-Phosphoglycerate 6-Phosphogluconate Aconitate Adenine Adonitol Alanine alpha-Keto-beta-Methylvalerate (KMV) alpha-Ketoglutarate alpha-Ketoisocaproate (KIC) alpha-Ketoisovalerate (KIV) Aminoadipate Arachidic acid (Eicosanoic acid) Arachidonate Asparagine Aspartate beta-Alanine beta-Hydroxy beta-Methylbutyric acid (HMB) beta-Hydroxybutyrate (3-Hydroxybutyrate) Cholesterol Citraconate Citrate Citrulline Cysteine Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) Fructose Fructose 6-phosphate Fumarate Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Glucose Glucose 6-phosphate Glutamate Glutamine Glycerate Glycine Guanine Heneicosylic acid (Heneicosanoic acid) Heptadecanoic acid Histamine Histidine Homoserine Hypotaurine Hypoxanthine Inosine Inotisol Isocitrate Isoleucine Lactate Lauric acid Leucine Linoleate Linolenic acid Lysine Malate Mannose Methionine Myristic acid N-Acetylglycine N-Acetylmethionine N-Acetylserine Oleic acid O-Phosphoethanolamine O-Phosphoserine Ornithine Orotate Palmitate Phenylalanine Phosphoenolpyruvate Proline Pterin Pyruvate Ribose Ribose 5-phosphate Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate Serine Sphingosine Stearate Succinate Taurine Threonine Thymidine Thymine Tryptophan Tyrosine Uracil Urea Valine Xanthine Xylose METABOLITES_END #END