#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH Masatomo_Takahashi_20230525_050334 DATATRACK_ID:4042 STUDY_ID:ST002729 ANALYSIS_ID:AN004425 VERSION 1 CREATED_ON 11-09-2023 #PROJECT PR:PROJECT_TITLE Role of AICARP, an endogenous AMPK activator, in improved endurance capacity in PR:PROJECT_TITLE diabetic mice during SGLT2 inhibition. PR:PROJECT_TYPE Wide targeted metabolomics & lipidomics PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Diabetes is often associated with increased risk of deleterious muscle mass and PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY function or sarcopenia, thus leading to physical inactivity and metabolic PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY disorders. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an oral PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY antidiabetic drug that promotes urinary excretion of glucose in the renal PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY proximal tubules. However, how SGLT2 inhibition affects the skeletal muscle PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY function in patients with diabetes remains elusive. Here, we examined the PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY differential effect of CANA on the oxidative soleus and glycolytic EDL muscles PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY from genetically obese diabetic db/db mice. PR:INSTITUTE Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University PR:DEPARTMENT Metabolomics PR:LABORATORY Bamba lab. PR:LAST_NAME Takahashi PR:FIRST_NAME Masatomo PR:ADDRESS Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan PR:EMAIL m-takahashi@bioreg.kyushu-u.ac.jp PR:PHONE 0926426171 PR:PUBLICATIONS https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jcsm.13350 PR:DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21228/M8VT66 #STUDY ST:STUDY_TITLE Improved Endurance Capacity of Diabetic Mice during SGLT2 Inhibition: Potential ST:STUDY_TITLE Role of AICARP, an Endogenous AMPK Activator. ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of deleterious changes in muscle ST:STUDY_SUMMARY mass and function or sarcopenia, leading to physical inactivity and worsening ST:STUDY_SUMMARY glycemic control. Given the negative energy balance during sodium-glucose ST:STUDY_SUMMARY cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition, whether SGLT2 inhibitors affect skeletal ST:STUDY_SUMMARY muscle mass and function is a matter of concern. However, how SGLT2 inhibition ST:STUDY_SUMMARY affects the skeletal muscle function in patients with diabetes remains ST:STUDY_SUMMARY insufficiently explored. We aimed to explore the effects of canagliflozin ST:STUDY_SUMMARY (CANA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, on skeletal muscles in genetically diabetic db/db ST:STUDY_SUMMARY mice. ST:INSTITUTE Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University ST:LAST_NAME Takahashi ST:FIRST_NAME Masatomo ST:ADDRESS Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 8128582, Japan ST:EMAIL m-takahashi@bioreg.kyushu-u.ac.jp ST:PHONE 0926426171 ST:SUBMIT_DATE 2023-05-25 #SUBJECT SU:SUBJECT_TYPE Mammal SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES Mus musculus SU:TAXONOMY_ID 10090 #SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS: SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Additional sample data SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 13 Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=13 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 14 Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=14 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 15 Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=15 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 16 Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=16 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 61 Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=61 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 62 Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=62 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 63 Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=63 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 64 Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=64 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 10 Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=10 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 11 Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=11 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 12 Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=12 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 57 Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=57 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 58 Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=58 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 59 Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=59 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 60 Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=60 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 9 Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=9 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 21 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=21 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 22 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=22 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 23 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=23 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 24 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=24 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 5 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=5 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 6 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=6 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 7 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=7 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 8 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana RAW_FILE_NAME=8 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 1 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=1 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 17 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=17 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 18 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=18 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 19 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=19 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 2 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=2 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 20 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=20 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 3 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=3 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 4 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=4 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 49 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=49 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 50 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=50 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 51 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=51 SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 52 Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle RAW_FILE_NAME=52 #COLLECTION CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY All mice were housed in a pathogen-free facility and maintained on a 12-h light CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY and 12-h dark cycle with free access to normal chow diet and water. CANA was CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY mixed at 0.03% (w/w) with CRF-1 and administered to 8-week-old db/+ and db/db CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY mice for 4 weeks. Food intake was calculated for 3 consecutive days each week CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY using the mouse feeder MF-4S. At the end of the experiments, 6 h-fasted mice CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY were anesthetized with isoflurane and blood samples were obtained from the CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY inferior vena cava. Skeletal muscles including soleus and extensor digitorum CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY longus were immediately frozen and stored at -80°C for metabolome and lipidome CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY analysis. CO:SAMPLE_TYPE Skeletal muscles #TREATMENT TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY All mice were free access to normal chow diet and water. CANA was mixed at 0.03% TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY (w/w) with CRF-1 and administered to 8-week-old db/+ and db/db mice for 4 weeks. #SAMPLEPREP SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Metabolites were extracted from frozen and crushed skeletal muscle (~10 mg) or SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY serum (20 uL) with 1 mL of solvent mixture (methanol:chloroform:water = 10:4:4, SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY v/v/v) containing piperazine-1,4-bis (2-ethanesulfonic acid) (PIPES) (0.63 SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY umol/L), 2-bromohypoxanthine (0.13 umol/L), free fatty acid (FA) 16:0 (13C16) SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY (0.13 umol/L), diacylglycerol (DG) 15:0-18:1 (d7) (0.15 umol/L), and SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY triacylglycerol (TG) 15:0-18:1 (d7) -15:0 (0.35 umol/L) as internal standards. SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY The samples were vigorously mixed for 1 min and sonicated for 5 min. The SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY extracts were then centrifuged at 16,000 × g for 5 min at 4°C, and the SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY resultant supernatant was collected. Protein concentrations in the pellets were SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY determined using a Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Massachusetts, USA). The collected supernatant (700 uL) was mixed with 235 uL of SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY chloroform, and 155 uL of water, and then centrifuged at 16,000 × g for 5 min SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY at 4°C. The aqueous (upper) layer (400 µL) was evaporated under vacuum, dried SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY extracts were stored at −80°C until targeted polar metablome analysis. Prior SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY to analysis, the dried aqueous layer was reconstituted in 50 uL of water. The SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY organic (lower) layer (200 µL) was dried under a nitrogen stream, dried SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY extracts were stored at −80°C until targeted lipidome analysis. Prior to SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY analysis, the organic aqueous layer was reconstituted in 80 µL of SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY methanol/chloroform (1/1, v/v) #CHROMATOGRAPHY CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY Acyl-CoA and acyl-carnitine were analyzed via C18-LC/HRMS/MS. CH:INSTRUMENT_NAME Shimadzu Nexera X2 CH:COLUMN_NAME GL Sciences Inert Sustain C18 (150 × 2.1mm, 3um) CH:COLUMN_TEMPERATURE 40℃ CH:FLOW_GRADIENT 0-13.0 min, 2-95%B, 13.0-20.0 min, 95%B, 20.0-20.1 min, 95-2%B, 20.1-25.0 min, CH:FLOW_GRADIENT 2%B CH:FLOW_RATE 0.3 mL/min CH:SOLVENT_A 5 mM ammonium acetate in H2O CH:SOLVENT_B ACN CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE Reversed phase #ANALYSIS AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE MS #MS MS:INSTRUMENT_NAME Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap MS:INSTRUMENT_TYPE Orbitrap MS:MS_TYPE ESI MS:MS_COMMENTS MS acquisition: FullMS (posi) Data processing/software: Reifycs Cascade ver. 1.0 MS:ION_MODE POSITIVE #MS_METABOLITE_DATA MS_METABOLITE_DATA:UNITS relative peak area MS_METABOLITE_DATA_START Samples 13 14 15 16 61 62 63 64 10 11 12 57 58 59 60 9 21 22 23 24 5 6 7 8 1 17 18 19 2 20 3 4 49 50 51 52 Factors Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/db | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/db | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/+ | Treatment:Cana Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Animal:db/+ | Treatment:vehicle Acylcarnitine 10:0 0.3133 0.3413 0.2115 0.1949 0.0416 0.0513 0.0613 0.1430 0.4035 1.0664 0.4370 0.0348 0.0737 0.0734 0.0826 0.6264 0.1089 0.1750 0.2139 0.4586 0.4030 0.5862 0.5656 0.4000 0.4502 0.3726 0.2080 0.1492 0.5238 0.1684 0.4552 0.1187 0.0523 0.0603 0.0573 0.0606 Acylcarnitine 12:0 0.3904 0.4189 0.2502 0.2669 0.1216 0.1795 0.2342 0.3896 0.4461 1.0028 0.4177 0.1088 0.1555 0.1373 0.1985 0.6870 0.0882 0.1625 0.2204 0.4888 0.5112 0.6463 0.7044 0.5592 0.3848 0.2776 0.2482 0.1214 0.4406 0.1904 0.3171 0.0626 0.1439 0.1506 0.1029 0.1220 Acylcarnitine 14:0 0.2883 0.4305 0.2612 0.2441 0.2877 0.3459 0.4168 0.6199 0.2523 0.7277 0.2932 0.1768 0.2253 0.1756 0.4065 0.5367 0.0399 0.0877 0.2163 0.3970 0.4110 0.4714 0.5922 0.6025 0.2312 0.1157 0.1982 0.0698 0.2134 0.1196 0.1783 0.0283 0.2446 0.2568 0.1702 0.2095 Acylcarnitine 16:0 0.2794 0.5936 0.4019 0.2408 0.3860 0.4112 0.4357 0.6954 0.2572 0.6052 0.2007 0.1959 0.2949 0.2069 0.5091 0.3869 0.0255 0.0761 0.2636 0.6154 0.2873 0.2998 0.4859 0.4149 0.1589 0.1180 0.1900 0.0766 0.1547 0.1169 0.1022 0.0442 0.4116 0.4810 0.2326 0.3210 Acylcarnitine 18:0 0.0299 0.0499 0.0501 0.0257 0.0179 0.0201 0.0186 0.0330 0.0490 0.1017 0.0236 0.0157 0.0175 0.0145 0.0339 0.0770 0.0101 0.0335 0.0970 0.0603 0.0638 0.0764 0.0708 0.0326 0.0207 0.0289 0.0066 0.0303 0.0150 0.0111 0.0100 0.0262 0.0233 0.0110 0.0130 Acylcarnitine 18:1 0.0711 0.1584 0.1111 0.0558 0.1327 0.1245 0.1467 0.2329 0.0404 0.1522 0.0465 0.0734 0.0957 0.0788 0.1627 0.0822 0.0025 0.0164 0.0591 0.1423 0.0693 0.0816 0.1490 0.1002 0.0226 0.0272 0.0471 0.0176 0.0221 0.0257 0.0095 0.0024 0.0817 0.1097 0.0774 0.0993 Acylcarnitine 2:0 30.3820 46.0112 38.3293 26.9985 107.0460 139.0843 128.1574 177.3234 86.5248 70.9438 76.7160 107.0902 108.5033 109.1748 155.4571 69.0818 57.3843 47.6479 47.8406 53.7863 55.8839 62.2946 63.7992 48.9074 44.9798 50.0247 50.6809 47.7083 53.5789 43.0191 71.9437 48.6651 152.7138 165.6096 47.9553 75.2033 Acylcarnitine 4:0 1.2792 1.4089 1.1775 0.7942 1.2174 1.1398 2.0157 2.3469 1.7931 5.4662 2.9861 1.1439 2.2734 5.5583 2.9596 2.7585 0.9836 0.9598 1.3290 2.5312 1.5375 1.9028 2.3130 1.3719 2.2660 1.9398 0.9428 0.8701 2.3952 0.7121 3.0757 0.8347 1.7822 1.8170 0.6043 0.8833 Acylcarnitine 6:0 0.6760 0.5858 0.3475 0.4585 0.2541 0.3487 0.4295 0.6849 0.8415 2.8777 1.2357 0.1713 0.2636 0.3418 0.3690 1.7963 0.2154 0.3308 0.3672 0.9534 1.0455 1.5513 1.3774 0.8669 1.3061 0.7790 0.3836 0.2243 1.4138 0.2901 1.6678 0.3366 0.4514 0.5796 0.3074 0.3492 Acylcarnitine 8:0 0.2790 0.2751 0.1522 0.1602 0.0179 0.0230 0.0307 0.0533 0.3562 1.0604 0.4021 0.0175 0.0263 0.0330 0.0307 0.6104 0.0975 0.1604 0.1755 0.4061 0.3956 0.5859 0.5225 0.3265 0.5035 0.3623 0.1809 0.1277 0.5547 0.1487 0.5927 0.1117 0.0421 0.0447 0.0272 0.0292 Acylcoenzyme A 10:0 0.0240 0.0372 0.0297 0.0256 0.0933 0.1513 0.1150 0.1333 0.0371 0.0364 0.0540 0.0800 0.0795 0.0796 0.1005 0.0716 0.0828 0.0683 0.0533 0.0615 0.1101 0.0493 0.1076 0.0331 Acylcoenzyme A 12:0 0.1545 0.2318 0.1362 0.1553 0.4279 0.5402 0.3727 0.4608 0.1430 0.1574 0.1910 0.3501 0.3146 0.3493 0.4458 0.3163 0.2502 0.2037 0.1737 0.1233 0.3152 0.1773 0.2521 0.1010 Acylcoenzyme A 14:0 0.3265 0.6322 0.4895 0.3882 1.2250 1.7255 1.0698 1.6138 0.3565 0.5251 0.5973 1.1695 0.9993 1.1156 1.2560 1.2175 0.4523 0.5409 0.6120 0.3140 0.7176 0.4959 0.4997 0.1762 Acylcoenzyme A 16:0 1.0684 1.8790 1.9163 2.1637 0.0260 0.0280 0.0256 0.0543 3.1953 2.9411 2.3475 0.0285 0.0357 0.0382 0.0529 2.6461 0.9079 1.6372 2.4919 2.7398 2.5670 2.3322 3.5101 3.2850 0.9093 0.8509 2.4099 1.3059 1.0505 1.7855 0.7119 0.2412 0.0527 0.0482 0.0146 0.0205 Acylcoenzyme A 18:0 0.1937 0.3904 0.4698 0.4927 0.0182 0.0218 0.0211 0.0278 0.5934 0.5157 0.4681 0.0253 0.0248 0.0309 0.0350 0.6393 0.1915 0.3200 0.5584 0.6822 0.5583 0.5922 0.9053 0.8541 0.4666 0.1614 0.7114 0.3189 0.4302 0.4568 0.3060 0.1776 0.0401 0.0433 0.0124 0.0179 Acylcoenzyme A 18:1 1.0967 1.6215 1.9863 1.8093 0.0292 0.0317 0.0313 0.0581 1.5391 2.4161 2.2198 0.0312 0.0433 0.0462 0.0586 1.9546 0.8368 1.5514 2.2165 2.2824 2.1796 2.3450 2.9026 2.2880 0.9270 0.7835 2.6851 1.5349 1.0177 1.6791 0.7815 0.3437 0.0622 0.0589 0.0151 0.0233 Acylcoenzyme A 2:0 0.0574 0.1178 0.0656 0.0725 0.0001 0.2287 0.1385 0.2004 0.2803 0.4073 0.1716 0.1406 0.2113 0.1262 0.1040 0.1392 0.1562 0.1993 0.2091 0.2246 0.1806 0.1092 0.1055 0.1917 0.3118 0.0029 0.0010 0.0002 0.0001 Acylcoenzyme A 3:0 0.0026 0.0032 0.0032 0.0055 0.0004 0.0003 0.0001 0.0104 0.0067 0.0097 0.0008 0.0007 0.0009 0.0005 0.0126 0.0108 0.0039 0.0059 0.0033 0.0126 0.0054 0.0095 0.0072 0.0157 0.0041 0.0075 0.0071 0.0105 0.0053 0.0130 0.0224 0.0006 0.0009 0.0005 Acylcoenzyme A 4:0 0.0080 0.0112 0.0086 0.0093 0.0258 0.0458 0.0413 0.0350 0.0131 0.0093 0.0157 0.0234 0.0267 0.0221 0.0368 0.0186 0.0341 0.0217 0.0159 0.0171 0.0342 0.0129 0.0473 0.0183 Acylcoenzyme A 6:0 0.0147 0.0218 0.0165 0.0170 0.0369 0.0641 0.0542 0.0549 0.0136 0.0140 0.0201 0.0392 0.0381 0.0391 0.0418 0.0288 0.0450 0.0228 0.0170 0.0111 0.0500 0.0183 0.0598 0.0215 Acylcoenzyme A 8:0 0.0170 0.0239 0.0191 0.0183 0.0445 0.0819 0.0677 0.0693 0.0176 0.0160 0.0325 0.0502 0.0418 0.0457 0.0525 0.0364 0.0633 0.0369 0.0319 0.0322 0.0749 0.0294 0.0788 0.0264 MS_METABOLITE_DATA_END #METABOLITES METABOLITES_START metabolite_name pubchem_id inchi_key kegg_id other_id other_id_type ri ri_type moverz_quant Acylcarnitine 10:0 Acylcarnitine 12:0 Acylcarnitine 14:0 Acylcarnitine 16:0 Acylcarnitine 18:0 Acylcarnitine 18:1 Acylcarnitine 2:0 Acylcarnitine 4:0 Acylcarnitine 6:0 Acylcarnitine 8:0 Acylcoenzyme A 10:0 Acylcoenzyme A 12:0 Acylcoenzyme A 14:0 Acylcoenzyme A 16:0 Acylcoenzyme A 18:0 Acylcoenzyme A 18:1 Acylcoenzyme A 2:0 Acylcoenzyme A 3:0 Acylcoenzyme A 4:0 Acylcoenzyme A 6:0 Acylcoenzyme A 8:0 METABOLITES_END #END