#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH Chemhnbgu24_20240410_081725 DATATRACK_ID:4768 STUDY_ID:ST003175 ANALYSIS_ID:AN005211 PROJECT_ID:PR001974
VERSION             	1
CREATED_ON             	April 18, 2024, 6:11 pm
#PROJECT
PR:PROJECT_TITLE                 	Inactivation of mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibits lipogenesis and
PR:PROJECT_TITLE                 	prevents diet-induced obesity in mice
PR:PROJECT_TYPE                  	Basic Research
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	Characterize the role of mitochondrial MUL1 E3-ubiquitin ligase on energy
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	metabolism and lipogenesis using Mul1 deficient, Mul1(-/-), mice. MUL1 protein
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	is involved in mitochondrial dynamics, and innate immune response but its
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	primary function might be the regulation of lipogenesis under conditions of
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	nutritional overload. Using metabolic cages, we monitored whole body energy
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	expenditure, metabolism, and thermoregulation of the Mul1(-/-) mice under
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	standard diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD). We examined the effect of Mul1
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	inactivation on body weight, HFD-induced adiposity, fatty liver, glucose
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	intolerance, and insulin resistance. We performed global metabolomics,
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	lipidomic, and genome-wide mRNA sequencing using liver from Mul1(+/+) and
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	Mul1(-/-) animals on HFD. The expression level of key proteins involved in
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	lipogenesis and their regulation in the absence of MUL1 was monitored by
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. We found that Mul1(-/-) animals have a
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	metabolic phenotype that confers robust resistance to HFD-induced obesity.
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	Several metabolic and lipidomic pathways are perturbed in the liver of Mul1(-/-)
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	animals on HFD, particularly the one driven by Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1),
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	a key regulator of lipid metabolism and obesity. In addition, key enzymes
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation such as ACC1, FASN, AMPK, and
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	CTP1 were also modulated. The concerted deregulation of these enzymes, in the
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	absence of MUL1, causes reduced fat storage and increased fatty acid oxidation.
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	We identified a new function of mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase in the
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	regulation of lipogenesis and adiposity, particularly during conditions of HFD.
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	Inactivation of MUL1 provides resistance to HFD-induced obesity and can be a
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and
PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY               	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
PR:INSTITUTE                     	University of Florida
PR:DEPARTMENT                    	Biochemistry
PR:LABORATORY                    	Merritt's Lab
PR:LAST_NAME                     	Merritt
PR:FIRST_NAME                    	Matthew
PR:ADDRESS                       	SW ARCHER RD, Gainesville, FL 32611
PR:EMAIL                         	rmahar@hnbgu.ac.in
PR:PHONE                         	9557559849
PR:FUNDING_SOURCE                	NIH
PR:CONTRIBUTORS                  	Lucia Cilenti, Jacopo Di Gregorio, Rohit Mahar, Fei Liu, Camilla T. Ambivero,
PR:CONTRIBUTORS                  	Muthu Periasamy, Matthew E. Merrit, and Antonis S. Zervos
#STUDY
ST:STUDY_TITLE                   	Inactivation of mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibits lipogenesis and
ST:STUDY_TITLE                   	prevents diet-induced obesity in mice
ST:STUDY_TYPE                    	Basic Research
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	Characterize the role of mitochondrial MUL1 E3-ubiquitin ligase on energy
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	metabolism and lipogenesis using Mul1 deficient, Mul1(-/-), mice. MUL1 protein
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	is involved in mitochondrial dynamics, and innate immune response but its
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	primary function might be the regulation of lipogenesis under conditions of
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	nutritional overload. Using metabolic cages, we monitored whole body energy
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	expenditure, metabolism, and thermoregulation of the Mul1(-/-) mice under
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	standard diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD). We examined the effect of Mul1
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	inactivation on body weight, HFD-induced adiposity, fatty liver, glucose
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	intolerance, and insulin resistance. We performed global metabolomics,
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	lipidomic, and genome-wide mRNA sequencing using liver from Mul1(+/+) and
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	Mul1(-/-) animals on HFD. The expression level of key proteins involved in
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	lipogenesis and their regulation in the absence of MUL1 was monitored by
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. We found that Mul1(-/-) animals have a
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	metabolic phenotype that confers robust resistance to HFD-induced obesity.
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	Several metabolic and lipidomic pathways are perturbed in the liver of Mul1(-/-)
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	animals on HFD, particularly the one driven by Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1),
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	a key regulator of lipid metabolism and obesity. In addition, key enzymes
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation such as ACC1, FASN, AMPK, and
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	CTP1 were also modulated. The concerted deregulation of these enzymes, in the
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	absence of MUL1, causes reduced fat storage and increased fatty acid oxidation.
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	We identified a new function of mitochondrial MUL1 E3 ubiquitin ligase in the
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	regulation of lipogenesis and adiposity, particularly during conditions of HFD.
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	Inactivation of MUL1 provides resistance to HFD-induced obesity and can be a
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and
ST:STUDY_SUMMARY                 	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
ST:INSTITUTE                     	University of Florida
ST:LAST_NAME                     	Merritt
ST:FIRST_NAME                    	Matthew
ST:ADDRESS                       	SW ARCHER RD, Gainesville, FL 32611
ST:EMAIL                         	rmahar@hnbgu.ac.in
ST:PHONE                         	9557559849
ST:NUM_GROUPS                    	2
ST:TOTAL_SUBJECTS                	12
ST:NUM_MALES                     	6
ST:NUM_FEMALES                   	6
#SUBJECT
SU:SUBJECT_TYPE                  	Mammal
SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES               	Mus musculus
SU:TAXONOMY_ID                   	10090
SU:GENOTYPE_STRAIN               	Wild type and Mul1(+/+) mice
SU:AGE_OR_AGE_RANGE              	8 weeks
SU:GENDER                        	Male and female
SU:ANIMAL_LIGHT_CYCLE            	12-hour/12-hour light/dark cycle
SU:ANIMAL_FEED                   	Research Diets D12492
#FACTORS
#SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS:         	SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Raw file names and additional sample data
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	Mul1(+/+)_TZ 34	Genotype:Mul1(+/+)  | Sample source:Liver	
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	Mul1(+/+)_TZ 35	Genotype:Mul1(+/+)  | Sample source:Liver	
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	Mul1(+/+)_TZ 36	Genotype:Mul1(+/+)  | Sample source:Liver	
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	Mul1(+/+)_TZ 37	Genotype:Mul1(+/+)  | Sample source:Liver	
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	Mul1(-/-)_TZ 38	Genotype:Mul1(-/-)  | Sample source:Liver	
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	Mul1(-/-)_TZ 39	Genotype:Mul1(-/-)  | Sample source:Liver	
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	Mul1(-/-)_TZ 40	Genotype:Mul1(-/-)  | Sample source:Liver	
SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS           	-	Mul1(-/-)_TZ 41	Genotype:Mul1(-/-)  | Sample source:Liver	
#COLLECTION
CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY            	Liver tissue was obtained from Mul1(+/+) and Mul1(-/-) mice following a HFD for
CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY            	16 weeks and stained with H&E or Oil Red Oil.
CO:SAMPLE_TYPE                   	Liver
CO:STORAGE_CONDITIONS            	-20℃
#TREATMENT
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	Liver tissue was obtained from Mul1(+/+) and Mul1(-/-) mice following a HFD for
TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY             	16 weeks and stained with H&E or Oil Red Oil.
#SAMPLEPREP
SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY            	liver tissues from mice were fixed overnight in 10% neutral formalin and
SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY            	embedded in paraffin. Paraffin-embedded tissues were cut into sections and
SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY            	stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for assessment of liver histology.
SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY            	Liver tissue from Mul1(+/+) and Mul1(-/-) mice on HFD were subjected to the
SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY            	Folch extraction in order to separate lipids and polar metabolites.
SP:PROCESSING_STORAGE_CONDITIONS 	4℃
SP:EXTRACT_STORAGE               	-20℃
#CHROMATOGRAPHY
CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE           	Reversed phase
CH:INSTRUMENT_NAME               	Thermo Dionex Ultimate 3000
CH:COLUMN_NAME                   	Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 x 2.1mm,1.7um)
CH:SOLVENT_A                     	60:40 acetonitrile:water; 10mM ammonium formate; 0.1% formic acid
CH:SOLVENT_B                     	90:8:2 2-propanol:acetonitrile:water; 10mM ammonium formate; 0.1% formic acid
CH:FLOW_GRADIENT                 	10 µl/min
CH:FLOW_RATE                     	350 µl/min
CH:COLUMN_TEMPERATURE            	50
#ANALYSIS
AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE                 	MS
#MS
MS:INSTRUMENT_NAME               	Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap
MS:INSTRUMENT_TYPE               	Orbitrap
MS:MS_TYPE                       	ESI
MS:ION_MODE                      	POSITIVE
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	The aqueous phase was analyzed using the Thermo Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	spectrometer with Dionex UHPLC and autosampler. All samples were analyzed in
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	positive and negative simultaneously with heated electrospray ionization (HESI)
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	with a mass resolution of 35,000 at m/z 200 as separate injections. The polar
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	metabolites were analyzed on Thermo Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	equipped with UHPLC. Data were analyzed with MZmine and features were aligned
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	for identification across samples. The metabolites were searched against the
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	Southeastern Center for Integrated Metabolomics (SECIM) metabolite library using
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	retention time and corresponding mass spectral data. Lipids isolated from Folch
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	extraction procedure were also analyzed by the same instrument. Lipidomics data
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	were analyzed using the LipidMatch software and identified lipid entities were
MS:MS_COMMENTS                   	exported in a tabular form.
#MS_METABOLITE_DATA
MS_METABOLITE_DATA:UNITS	A.U.
MS_METABOLITE_DATA_START
Samples	Mul1(+/+)_TZ 34	Mul1(+/+)_TZ 35	Mul1(+/+)_TZ 36	Mul1(+/+)_TZ 37	Mul1(-/-)_TZ 38	Mul1(-/-)_TZ 39	Mul1(-/-)_TZ 40	Mul1(-/-)_TZ 41
Factors	Genotype:Mul1(+/+)  | Sample source:Liver	Genotype:Mul1(+/+)  | Sample source:Liver	Genotype:Mul1(+/+)  | Sample source:Liver	Genotype:Mul1(+/+)  | Sample source:Liver	Genotype:Mul1(-/-)  | Sample source:Liver	Genotype:Mul1(-/-)  | Sample source:Liver	Genotype:Mul1(-/-)  | Sample source:Liver	Genotype:Mul1(-/-)  | Sample source:Liver
Trans-Aconitate	16384.62109	13429.04883	23449.53516	19184.64844	8318.889648	6993.270996	37761.10938	3424.447998
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate_1	524260.3125	484287.75	244709.0156	378251.4063	651176.875	595911.5625	796391	453275.625
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate_2	3.26E+07	2.47E+07	2.08E+07	2.67E+07	2.33E+07	2.22E+07	2.46E+07	2.53E+07
1-Methylnicotinamide	1.65E+07	1.75E+07	4379405.9	5991712.157	2.09E+07	2.65E+07	8105263	8024924.243
2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-Beta-D-Glucosylamine	1.38E+07	7749322.471	1.05E+07	8996935.157	9427761.329	1.05E+07	1.49E+07	8576510.229
2-Amino-2-Methylpropanoate_1	1077060	707137.875	1095480.429	1099870.5	1657150.086	1753380.125	3692967.671	2414286.25
2-Amino-2-Methylpropanoate_2	2.59E+07	1.37E+07	1.25E+07	2.07E+07	2.03E+07	3.72E+07	6.25E+07	3.79E+07
2-Hydroxyglutarate+Na	96949.74464	139159.729	97618.65379	126724.0489	66699.75	102433.4163	171617.7509	107836.1547
2-Hydroxyglutarate-Water	305140.2013	380898.217	263530.6812	359316.2366	181033.65	307425.7214	482520.6125	318869.5955
2-Hydroxyphenylalanine	2.48E+08	1.87E+08	1.52E+08	1.68E+08	2.31E+08	2.75E+08	3.26E+08	2.40E+08
2-Methylbutyroylcarnitine_1	1060311.275	669868.8125	277930.7906	284140.3036	776124.5786	2185064.85	894489.8768	1739019.111
2-Methylbutyroylcarnitine_2	1763094.239	592609.525	436620.0875	557502.0438	1533727.118	5610121.914	1563351.071	2782329.1
2-Methylglutaric Acid	1342934.363	1266121.9	1445986.65	1475085.421	1528990.664	1379790.746	1312325.071	1330891.804
3-Aminoisobutanoate	1960672.514	1032309.82	922249.5071	1465860.821	1448733.557	2741999.486	3424714.643	1120479.37
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutarate_1	228273.3281	248499.3125	189558.7656	250144.75	258395.5362	340870.375	547673.6161	399150.1009
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutarate_2	753441.625	805405.1875	563967.6875	818378.4375	816069.5	1071476.75	1828873.418	1377664.625
3-Methylcrotonylglycine	83928.17522	57771.08504	67532.52299	112499.8558	103708.1529	123146.3228	364271.8536	61516.38147
3-Ureidopropionate_1	936459.0714	1358464.175	2693504.986	2341491.743	432751.8125	1940310.679	1596504.886	1421691.739
3-Ureidopropionate_2	1643015.236	1505031.518	2091672.443	1544840.086	339690.3545	1759715.093	1361330.489	1617044.3
3-Ureidopropionate_3	5243055.886	5912296.471	4186888.2	3616648.964	4883712.971	8919371.114	7117151.557	6141978.4
4-Acetamidobutanoate	9917.639648	8760.795898	7602.585449	12968.78125	7258.121094	11080.03223	13156.35352	13004.62109
4-Aminobenzoate_1	382648.433	145839.2042	239365.2862	151843.3228	216669.5585	443349.5446	580690.2027	339827.175
4-Aminobenzoate_2	834457.3625	317123.7786	505993.1438	342382.1134	468490.3982	981805.4661	1253774.148	696728.4063
4-Aminobutanoate (Gaba)	3114394.193	1728426.293	1719717.118	2454911.018	2487780.246	4268822.571	4637120.614	1804840.711
4-Guanidinobutanoate	1483532.261	1488307.7	947360.0357	1941422.3	2280867.536	2312173.821	8979235.629	3759475.236
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	616508.1562	202700.9438	263194.5964	206676.9219	124086.0078	263434.9701	239174.1161	107494.5391
4-Hydroxy-L-Phenylglycine_1	474726.5938	448999.7964	175496.7031	288731.4375	271722.7188	267139.1563	119007.3359	415656.3438
4-Hydroxy-L-Phenylglycine_2	1353249.621	897256.6875	841814.0107	963864.9286	814023.5554	805510.9821	1503376.925	872254.8036
4-Hydroxy-L-Proline_1	1179723.932	1028914.416	894242	550974.6205	1148426.875	2182754	1137124.5	965046.375
4-Hydroxy-L-Proline_2	3152086.557	2714245.664	4076123.364	3810386.493	4329706.521	6632903.457	1.27E+07	8472202.543
5-Aminolevulinic Acid	8188638.214	5003610.679	4058742.5	2352635.1	5149571.686	1.19E+07	4569077.686	4597683.379
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furaldehyde_1	2.04E+07	1.81E+07	1.19E+07	1.67E+07	1.14E+07	1.46E+07	2519350.25	1.70E+07
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furaldehyde_2	2.03E+07	1.69E+07	1.51E+07	1.81E+07	1.16E+07	1.47E+07	6228954	1.82E+07
5-Hydroxy-N-Formylkynurenine	217568.0263	262684.0688	244881.246	317667.2138	293246.0063	317905.6812	332758.3866	361521.9705
5-Oxo-D-Proline_1	3087165.907	2507218.886	2065597.168	3559170.521	2564494.25	4354380.386	8973797.371	7339143.443
5-Oxo-D-Proline_2	3.26E+07	2.84E+07	2.34E+07	3.32E+07	2.72E+07	4.44E+07	8.03E+07	7.61E+07
6C-Sugar Alcohol	657238.625	455230.4375	483200.1371	125755.3594	203524.25	213321.875	168072.8438	186179.7344
6-Hydroxynicotinate	153447.2344	175756.3281	178688.625	128061.4453	72202.9375	69696.38225	272745.7813	298627.125
7-Ketochenodeoxycholic Acid	434961.8723	394968.6563	383856.608	322781.9688	339137.6437	472173.0875	499638.2071	751687.7357
Acetylcitrulline	59802.10938	13650.27148	99018.13281	65630.25	249840.4759	263103.8196	477362.7804	70159.91406
Acetyl-Dl-Carnitine_1	352984.5625	259930.7188	343415.0625	470342.4688	160566.5	464132.1875	903025.3125	1037577.75
Acetyl-Dl-Carnitine_2	865081.9696	364126.875	610931.3196	583412.4375	449642.25	1086698.75	1335640.5	1973409.329
Acyl-Carnitine(5-Oh)_1	52804.25391	47318.72266	40333.23047	41941.66406	49431.42969	83114.34375	187483.6326	61389.17578
Acyl-Carnitine(5-Oh)_2	119285.0156	104173.9453	78491.58594	97413.25781	131270.5469	196901.4063	192749.3991	147488.9531
Acyl-Carnitine(5-Oh)_3	3011904.214	3312840.336	2876775.657	1923689.629	3471091.386	5341308.7	3624566.214	4663133.793
Adenine	1706026.875	1121930.221	1099035.436	941894.5946	2018610.5	1973939.389	2286257.439	2625499.407
Alanine/Sarcosine	3.25E+08	2.24E+08	2.93E+08	2.70E+08	2.23E+08	2.33E+08	3.41E+08	2.65E+08
Aldo/Keto-Hexose	8.50E+07	6.18E+07	6.55E+07	4.25E+07	5.43E+07	5.88E+07	4.73E+07	4.46E+07
Aldopentose	1681227.507	2124525.768	3060601.1	1431733.564	2605735.043	2972113.779	4812936.5	2927998.3
Alpha-Aminoadipate/N-Methyl-L-Glutamate_1	1212488.75	1034044.875	1220173.125	1071836.625	1221017.875	3162536.05	1.28E+07	2642026.557
Alpha-Aminoadipate/N-Methyl-L-Glutamate_2	3744840.107	4962970.6	8190297.229	6265520.157	7505808.286	2.59E+07	1.16E+08	1.96E+07
Alpha-Aminoadipate/N-Methyl-L-Glutamate_3	2.71E+07	2.91E+07	2.20E+07	2.75E+07	2.55E+07	2.35E+07	1.33E+07	2.25E+07
Alpha-D-Glucose	2.07E+07	2.10E+07	1.44E+07	2.04E+07	1.77E+07	1.70E+07	8245117.457	1.81E+07
Arabinose	668184.6875	594408.9821	696752.6821	565090.375	741446.6696	912201.6875	1042674.968	822162.4179
Aspartate	5.77E+07	3.89E+07	3.83E+07	4.25E+07	2.58E+07	2.82E+07	2.66E+07	3.70E+07
Boc-D-Phenylalanine	3.51E+07	4.49E+07	4.06E+07	4.79E+07	3.38E+07	4.12E+07	4.62E+07	3.88E+07
Butanoylcarnitine	411428.6393	431460.3813	130219.0313	170189.0011	275201.4464	844050.0321	343723.0938	722939.6411
Carnosine	1055584.25	919184.9375	1259828.5	756359.4375	1066484	989698	1621313.791	814977.6875
Cellobiose	8542104.886	8667758.486	1.09E+07	8359429.043	8236626.057	9627426.486	6166473.071	8505038.786
Choline	3.75E+08	2.66E+08	3.33E+08	4.25E+08	3.23E+08	4.10E+08	4.50E+08	2.95E+08
Citrulline_1	1.11E+07	5861978.357	6395138.9	4850557.464	7844089.786	1.11E+07	9254779.086	7993282.286
Citrulline_2	3.08E+07	1.73E+07	1.81E+07	1.31E+07	2.13E+07	2.90E+07	2.55E+07	2.23E+07
Creatine	1.26E+08	1.17E+08	1.31E+08	1.16E+08	9.54E+07	1.49E+08	1.75E+08	2.57E+08
Cytosine_1	137132.25	175523.75	84331.05469	190443.4844	235840.7344	333838.4063	876175.0696	145194.5625
Cytosine_2	46271.85547	172962.375	183920.875	265160.7813	363634.9063	593676.1875	1868376.979	288218
D-Fructose	1.58E+08	9.31E+07	5.77E+07	5.45E+07	9.63E+07	1.01E+08	8.02E+07	8.17E+07
D-Gluconate	992328.7929	1050488.229	1420164.254	1220739.052	1810306.493	2143951.457	1803770.211	1594257.8
D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate_1	388871.875	203654.0625	201644.25	109796.2734	346631.4688	377125.3125	1359075.063	153769.3281
D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate_2	664088.5625	368877.7188	405628.9063	192318.1875	420697.6563	629709.3125	1196349.625	407963.7188
D-Glyceric Acid	84002.14063	72072.54688	70018.90625	55482.72266	91493.8125	79704.69531	75899.52344	94746.27344
D-Mannosamine_1	9276210.729	1.07E+07	6369486.129	7273436.443	7873034.286	8221488.971	2042042.875	4021817.221
D-Mannosamine_2	5.45E+07	5.65E+07	4.09E+07	4.59E+07	5.20E+07	4.49E+07	2.95E+07	4.16E+07
D-Sorbitol	1305716.625	1203382.977	880765.125	571694.875	861921.625	679311.1875	519026.0313	652917.4375
Formate	7620356.8	5098840.257	5170425.443	6164662.957	3716715.214	3863453.871	4252844.079	4979902.514
Formyl-5-Hydroxykynurenamine	135353.454	171499.2179	157866.3353	208006.9763	181512.0388	209339.7009	219679.8754	235852.6549
Formylkynurenine	402554.9536	443613.1795	452064.0402	516351.025	435299.508	537228.7438	556461.8384	542513.9054
Gama-Muricholic Acid	1437489.596	1797802.314	947617.5304	1165182.188	3913178.186	1787746.821	2134583.168	1.17E+07
Gentiobiose_1	3167914.25	1.10E+07	1.69E+07	7807929.5	1356429.375	3386159.25	5556066.5	4486141.5
Gentiobiose_2	1.08E+08	1.05E+08	9.90E+07	9.20E+07	9.91E+07	1.00E+08	2.67E+07	9.62E+07
Glutathione Disulfide	6.08E+08	5.75E+08	4.35E+08	4.11E+08	5.07E+08	6.22E+08	6.21E+08	4.02E+08
Glu-Thr	287059.7188	187988.7344	84998.69531	94736.78125	117042.7134	139914.1281	204293.3281	129911.1875
Glycerol_1	1906903.496	1033474.163	1207956.247	1398173.855	657960.0643	847583.7607	964183.4911	1699546.518
Glycerol_2	2713689.771	1569036.082	2161819.016	1999688.843	878288.2375	1180982.721	1358153.946	2423795.971
Glycerophosphocholine	1.30E+08	1.93E+08	1.59E+08	4.24E+08	1.73E+08	1.40E+08	2.49E+08	1.73E+08
Glycine	9503933.829	7045747.729	7256707.5	1.18E+07	8292482.829	8259019.886	8258696.757	9508151.8
Guanidinoacetate	2259403.25	3116901.25	3152786.25	4927273.5	3807283	5564387.107	8129584.329	1.67E+07
Hippurate	1484619.411	503956.5759	628379.5696	487504.708	303415.1754	605494.8438	560713.0089	203519.4567
Homoserine_1	1030773.125	577712.0625	845450.5625	444472.9375	749609.4375	698971	1261317.25	586887.5
Homoserine_2	2.10E+08	1.67E+08	1.69E+08	2.03E+08	1.55E+08	1.66E+08	1.68E+08	1.54E+08
Hypoxanthine_1	1.63E+07	1.44E+07	1.08E+07	1.15E+07	1.49E+07	1.63E+07	1.50E+07	1.46E+07
Hypoxanthine_2	3.76E+08	2.54E+08	1.68E+08	1.88E+08	3.13E+08	3.41E+08	2.91E+08	2.98E+08
Indole-3-Acetaldehyde	1664430.718	1291099.196	1058250.859	1111817.621	1678402.775	1976400.625	2140625.618	1498417.404
Indoleacrylic Acid	7.77E+07	6.03E+07	4.55E+07	5.01E+07	8.02E+07	8.85E+07	8.92E+07	7.25E+07
Isocytosine	4712291.229	3887197.429	3572427.507	4442979.071	4065844.75	5363195.314	3233970.614	3878499.95
Isoleucine	2.37E+08	2.33E+08	1.63E+08	1.91E+08	2.27E+08	3.04E+08	3.93E+08	2.45E+08
L-Anserine	1001504.625	765682.4375	580256.125	507437	914344.6875	867665.5625	947570.325	822519.5
L-Arabitol	1025143.18	788247.3125	980563.8571	870548.1607	952969.1509	861381.0393	894370.375	1073223.864
L-Asparagine_1	3293709	4159502	6858786.5	4271041.5	6237696	6112951.5	7436849.586	4530196
L-Asparagine_2	9953559.729	7467013.629	7811835.4	9072634.2	5381571.729	6176381.586	6300576.029	7327639.9
L-Asparagine_3	9108993	9314372	9819135	1.01E+07	1.49E+07	1.52E+07	1.80E+07	1.23E+07
L-Asparagine_4	2.03E+07	2.21E+07	2.61E+07	3.16E+07	2.59E+07	2.78E+07	3.34E+07	2.46E+07
L-Aspartate	1746406.625	2043560.375	2952919.25	1654668.125	1761362.125	1301878	2126612	1943076.875
L-Carnitine	4.50E+08	3.45E+08	2.21E+08	2.45E+08	2.75E+08	3.33E+08	2.60E+08	3.87E+08
Leu Pro	1050840.65	719171.6964	541407.092	634466.9214	770373.0089	982081.9321	1233720.862	639897.8196
Leucine	5.15E+08	4.80E+08	3.59E+08	4.36E+08	4.68E+08	6.16E+08	7.42E+08	5.10E+08
L-Glutamic Acid_1	1399428.632	1143106.045	537366.7241	949038.6339	906089.0625	783333.9357	1021225.468	1032793.013
L-Glutamic Acid_2	1675735.75	1271672.75	1402233.25	1215123.125	1055720	1194498.625	2921698.096	1321784.375
L-Glutamic Acid_3	2.69E+08	3.72E+08	2.23E+08	2.21E+08	3.25E+08	3.69E+08	3.68E+08	3.58E+08
L-Glutamic Acid_4	7.76E+08	5.52E+08	3.57E+08	4.80E+08	4.39E+08	4.14E+08	5.49E+08	5.57E+08
L-Glutamine_1	1.14E+07	1.29E+07	9272575.857	3431876	1.57E+07	1.68E+07	1.68E+07	1.12E+07
L-Glutamine_2	8.99E+08	1.20E+09	7.59E+08	6.58E+08	1.23E+09	1.25E+09	1.14E+09	1.20E+09
L-Histidine_1	9414545.871	7126664.357	9207230.943	6358082.429	8127783.814	8689378.571	9608828.014	6520438.971
L-Histidine_2	3.28E+08	2.62E+08	2.36E+08	2.51E+08	2.78E+08	3.18E+08	3.61E+08	2.97E+08
L-Isoleucine	2057850.646	2588434.557	1745967.439	2443786.929	2107294.193	2900434.121	3807010.536	2229468.046
L-Kynurenine	1860517.993	793092.4946	1069486.427	1025163.561	963885.4964	1647151.725	3013670.279	1740883.879
L-Lactic Acid_1	397454.5938	303439.125	143273.2813	211036.3594	178233.9844	173912.2656	38070.52734	265416.4688
L-Lactic Acid_2	663580.0625	486517.3438	517018.4375	567581.75	368670.125	461613.2813	205212.2969	540607.2268
L-Lactic Acid_3	560949.8299	759016.5393	458438.4915	670456.5063	567240.8125	634252.1107	289801.4063	618073.5625
L-Lysine_1	1192726.245	1183277.488	982112.5196	1102216.114	1154660.823	1454828.586	2108771.561	1272885.78
L-Lysine_2	3494618.364	3480636.729	4316745.307	4526129.707	3615051.064	4792426.5	6014767.686	3660210.879
L-Lysine_3	2.07E+07	1.94E+07	1.69E+07	2.06E+07	1.98E+07	2.66E+07	3.49E+07	2.11E+07
L-Lysine_4	8.43E+07	7.74E+07	6.54E+07	7.82E+07	8.69E+07	1.16E+08	1.51E+08	9.34E+07
L-Methionine_1	8432697.943	9970377.714	8082149.086	1.03E+07	1.09E+07	1.29E+07	1.71E+07	9648663.343
L-Methionine_2	2.98E+07	2.53E+07	2.10E+07	2.34E+07	2.64E+07	3.53E+07	4.53E+07	2.95E+07
L-Methionine_3	3.18E+08	2.26E+08	1.97E+08	2.22E+08	2.89E+08	3.44E+08	4.05E+08	3.02E+08
L-Ornithine_1	3557372.471	3553906.171	4125897.436	4867006.329	3143862.557	4082490.207	5649146.886	3662924.029
L-Ornithine_2	1.56E+07	1.43E+07	1.15E+07	1.55E+07	1.56E+07	1.82E+07	2.39E+07	1.65E+07
L-Ornithine_3	4.19E+07	3.72E+07	2.97E+07	3.83E+07	4.21E+07	4.89E+07	6.17E+07	4.39E+07
L-Ornithine_4	4.81E+07	4.48E+07	3.40E+07	4.74E+07	4.67E+07	5.84E+07	7.48E+07	5.27E+07
L-Phenylalanine_1	9482163.757	7387605.486	6509544.129	6127382.443	8571020.943	9426661.514	1.01E+07	8687015.314
L-Phenylalanine_2	1.17E+07	9858488.071	8380371.286	9320319.543	1.08E+07	1.24E+07	1.45E+07	8881635.871
L-Phenylalanine_3	7.66E+08	6.19E+08	5.26E+08	5.05E+08	7.29E+08	7.97E+08	8.16E+08	7.07E+08
L-Pipecolic Acid_1	25945.64258	33733.30078	37606.65234	55015.62109	37504.54688	58190.25391	97380.88839	56550.86719
L-Pipecolic Acid_2	1267624.875	903841.0625	710304.5625	1856084.875	985329.875	1329716.625	3045090.5	1027994
L-Pipecolic Acid_3	5280392.429	5483093.371	3931121.771	4080053.521	3524893.457	5375666.314	8407330.1	7462760.743
L-Proline	5.20E+08	3.65E+08	3.38E+08	3.57E+08	4.86E+08	5.93E+08	7.70E+08	5.04E+08
L-Serine_1	774578.75	1094681.875	1736326.625	1497092	798023.6875	1333941.875	1396247.875	954332.4375
L-Serine_2	2.79E+07	2.41E+07	2.89E+07	4.04E+07	2.09E+07	2.14E+07	2.44E+07	2.27E+07
L-Tryptophan_1	6313764.614	5399747.729	4435078.229	4805558.364	5879484.871	6178442.314	6571898.814	5903720.171
L-Tryptophan_2	1.79E+08	1.41E+08	1.04E+08	1.18E+08	1.87E+08	2.07E+08	2.11E+08	1.66E+08
L-Tyrosine_1	1.23E+07	1.07E+07	8942125.029	1.04E+07	1.17E+07	1.36E+07	1.60E+07	1.25E+07
L-Tyrosine_2	4.04E+07	3.00E+07	2.40E+07	2.73E+07	3.78E+07	4.42E+07	5.38E+07	3.85E+07
Lumichrome	984245.1196	749958.6518	461173.0054	515287.8866	530940.608	688730.8089	397579.5259	375363.4937
L-Valine	4.44E+08	3.73E+08	3.41E+08	3.41E+08	4.72E+08	5.48E+08	6.39E+08	4.77E+08
Lysope (20:4)	92526.41808	28362.67578	26771.16602	12170.7373	20012.18359	51132.07813	35755.23438	25995.33594
Malate	4990510.9	5858333.6	6931523.343	4943289.136	5227503.243	7840560.943	1.16E+07	8089005.457
Methionine Sulfoxide	5755369.914	4492168.729	3279645	2347483.896	4255466.264	5854758.129	4346101.657	5184510.3
N1-Methyl-2-Pyridone-5-Carboxamide	1065649.741	890179.8143	1080416.277	477724.9509	529824.7723	573327.0116	732314.0018	1940529.579
N-Acetyl-D-Galactosamine	339117.75	314976.625	357819.7188	347817.4688	272638.375	317389.9688	1958760.532	388739.5
N-Acetyl-Dl-Glutamic Acid	422713.4045	328865.7964	1309727.961	380363.3929	465529.733	818473.3321	3167675.179	894518.7643
N-Acetyl-Dl-Serine	184994.258	184726.6719	305214.1004	256527.9357	226747.2857	332845.858	434162.1759	269637.2188
N-Acetylglycine_1	124379.3281	111755.7656	208247.8281	246233.1875	192666.4504	149015.4844	325390.9143	215839.3906
N-Acetylglycine_2	360358.8558	264978.6272	441165.5188	454070.4688	403164.5777	417827.8991	889435.8625	521447.7902
N-Acetyl-L-Alanine_1	448311.5937	392028.6571	319697.0732	358646.7812	417820.25	611146.3491	699704.4268	516343.0286
N-Acetyl-L-Alanine_2	1823455.904	1660999.975	1439628.264	1595266.318	1713659.161	2586932.721	3119768.771	2371671.357
N-Acetyl-L-Alanine_3	2259569.043	1978209.868	1620335.371	1836068.507	2121043.407	3113088.657	3639242.714	2515274.679
N-Acetyl-L-Aspartic Acid_1	77574.92969	60017.0856	64032.48828	48342.88214	53909.63962	84498.85156	86915.15625	93085.89732
N-Acetyl-L-Aspartic Acid_2	217516.9696	168192.5176	153565.5821	129562.5315	167437.2656	222075.5567	230050.4714	277161.5143
N-Acetyl-L-Leucine_1	101280.9219	122633.3438	42157.14063	140759.3632	96289.67969	183105.8219	173127.9531	32476.00195
N-Acetyl-L-Leucine_2	782198.5571	649785.3911	523027.6902	456976.7625	577102.5955	747038.2179	842631.0857	650832.4616
N-Acetyl-L-Leucine_3	3901024.421	3216348.8	2554686.296	2303239.229	2978298.471	3589941.414	4243412.886	3083726.764
N-Boc-L-Aspartic Acid	1868643.75	2271104.311	2189707.436	3104702.186	1723183.671	2321965.061	2511205.889	2157645.354
N-Boc-L-Tert-Leucine	1541758.375	1783316.625	1571752.875	2171150.75	1360582.125	1818713.25	2193669.25	1716181.125
N-Boc-L-Tryptophan	1.86E+07	2.14E+07	2.09E+07	2.39E+07	1.81E+07	2.03E+07	2.34E+07	2.07E+07
Nicotinamide	3.69E+08	2.76E+08	1.96E+08	1.65E+08	2.51E+08	2.84E+08	3.27E+08	2.81E+08
Nicotinate_1	711853.5	427213.9063	794921.0411	750674.1625	320778.375	759424.5	1426326.489	454020.8125
Nicotinate_2	1122174.488	785773.1125	841592.3286	1045825.464	770238.8821	928775.85	1306961.618	765305.4464
N-Methyl-L-Histidine	1.48E+07	1.03E+07	1.79E+07	1.05E+07	1.62E+07	1.24E+07	2.57E+07	1.75E+07
Norleucine	6996512.343	7298146.357	5892143	7593496.657	7062385.786	1.07E+07	1.38E+07	7599820.414
O-Acetyl-L-Serine	1046277.875	501068.7813	460613.4375	411271.5	638989.375	646917.75	1215689.5	702552.1875
Pantothenic Acid_1	264532.2813	211585.0781	163227.2656	215186.75	224875.5156	253591.8438	261947.3375	226526.6094
Pantothenic Acid_2	2.41E+07	1.82E+07	1.72E+07	1.88E+07	1.99E+07	2.45E+07	2.60E+07	2.19E+07
Phenylalanine-Hcooh	1.75E+08	1.41E+08	1.22E+08	1.17E+08	1.64E+08	1.81E+08	1.90E+08	1.62E+08
Phosphocholine	5.54E+08	2.02E+08	2.85E+08	2.22E+08	5.04E+08	4.48E+08	1.88E+08	1.60E+08
Propanoylcarnitine	1.20E+07	6115452.129	5560741.671	7942601.243	1.23E+07	1.82E+07	2.20E+07	3.82E+07
Putrescine	623074.2875	1312933.793	831471.7446	945073.7179	1125321.491	2346630.936	2196770.014	2148659.061
Pyridoxal_1	466390.7179	294414.3643	223124.3451	100240.3732	597604.1107	628877.0679	247148.8348	100442.1641
Pyridoxal_2	1360908.746	849792.7982	603671.0357	338279.5625	1492338.314	1726977.611	841750.0107	370650.5295
Sn-Glycerol 3-Phosphate	1338263.198	1136981.709	1323113.811	2626924.221	865116	672639.1397	710662.4357	1199560.736
Spermidine	2.29E+07	3.52E+07	2.42E+07	1.80E+07	4.09E+07	6.27E+07	6.66E+07	5.86E+07
Stachydrine	628775.925	831774.2839	1247656.943	1512332.154	1143412.552	844779.2232	5838169.614	3621169.486
Taurine_1	1092650	1578459.954	1196504.032	957808.8536	1185180.888	1010277.861	836136.7125	1587555.97
Taurine_2	1.69E+07	2.58E+07	2.86E+07	1.70E+07	1.49E+07	2.25E+07	1.94E+07	2.57E+07
Taurine_3	8.16E+07	1.47E+08	1.11E+08	1.03E+08	8.20E+07	1.16E+08	9.08E+07	1.49E+08
Thymine	354012.0438	221779.6813	159963.6042	145146.3484	199102.9393	283460.3571	219886.4812	283467.533
Tiglylcarnitine_1	63751.94688	43430.65625	21461.98047	29483.54297	47367.26172	69970.75781	62262.5625	56822.99219
Tiglylcarnitine_2	1144874.088	1279531.138	425915.658	761177.0321	1782336.121	2537416.539	3192666.971	3409759.05
Trans-Aconitate_1	5251267.557	5128185.5	4171251.879	4321308.143	4526103.35	5361464.957	5049091.771	5083623.986
Trigonelline_1	157800.4844	149607.4688	266009.6295	251213.8281	87682.80597	137474.4165	648438.7545	181087.625
Trigonelline_2	1549029.496	867355.3286	991152.5589	1120232.679	1070469.439	881621.3768	1962520.554	804870.6402
Tryptamine	105007.902	56527.5606	50522.95949	30947.48198	100219.4596	103651.1763	164411.7884	92482.3442
Uracil	4.22E+07	4.13E+07	2.70E+07	2.51E+07	4.02E+07	4.86E+07	4.77E+07	4.16E+07
Urate	3.77E+07	5.52E+07	2.93E+07	2.19E+07	2.30E+07	5.78E+07	6.68E+07	4.64E+07
Uridine	1.58E+07	7396291.286	8715455.043	9842615.6	1.39E+07	2.06E+07	1.63E+07	1.53E+07
Xanthine	3.65E+08	3.12E+08	2.40E+08	2.31E+08	3.28E+08	4.04E+08	3.82E+08	3.79E+08
MS_METABOLITE_DATA_END
#METABOLITES
METABOLITES_START
metabolite_name
Trans-Aconitate
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate_1
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate_2
1-Methylnicotinamide
2-Acetamido-2-Deoxy-Beta-D-Glucosylamine
2-Amino-2-Methylpropanoate_1
2-Amino-2-Methylpropanoate_2
2-Hydroxyglutarate+Na
2-Hydroxyglutarate-Water
2-Hydroxyphenylalanine
2-Methylbutyroylcarnitine_1
2-Methylbutyroylcarnitine_2
2-Methylglutaric Acid
3-Aminoisobutanoate
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutarate_1
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutarate_2
3-Methylcrotonylglycine
3-Ureidopropionate_1
3-Ureidopropionate_2
3-Ureidopropionate_3
4-Acetamidobutanoate
4-Aminobenzoate_1
4-Aminobenzoate_2
4-Aminobutanoate (Gaba)
4-Guanidinobutanoate
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde
4-Hydroxy-L-Phenylglycine_1
4-Hydroxy-L-Phenylglycine_2
4-Hydroxy-L-Proline_1
4-Hydroxy-L-Proline_2
5-Aminolevulinic Acid
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furaldehyde_1
5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furaldehyde_2
5-Hydroxy-N-Formylkynurenine
5-Oxo-D-Proline_1
5-Oxo-D-Proline_2
6C-Sugar Alcohol
6-Hydroxynicotinate
7-Ketochenodeoxycholic Acid
Acetylcitrulline
Acetyl-Dl-Carnitine_1
Acetyl-Dl-Carnitine_2
Acyl-Carnitine(5-Oh)_1
Acyl-Carnitine(5-Oh)_2
Acyl-Carnitine(5-Oh)_3
Adenine
Alanine/Sarcosine
Aldo/Keto-Hexose
Aldopentose
Alpha-Aminoadipate/N-Methyl-L-Glutamate_1
Alpha-Aminoadipate/N-Methyl-L-Glutamate_2
Alpha-Aminoadipate/N-Methyl-L-Glutamate_3
Alpha-D-Glucose
Arabinose
Aspartate
Boc-D-Phenylalanine
Butanoylcarnitine
Carnosine
Cellobiose
Choline
Citrulline_1
Citrulline_2
Creatine
Cytosine_1
Cytosine_2
D-Fructose
D-Gluconate
D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate_1
D-Glucosamine 6-Phosphate_2
D-Glyceric Acid
D-Mannosamine_1
D-Mannosamine_2
D-Sorbitol
Formate
Formyl-5-Hydroxykynurenamine
Formylkynurenine
Gama-Muricholic Acid
Gentiobiose_1
Gentiobiose_2
Glutathione Disulfide
Glu-Thr
Glycerol_1
Glycerol_2
Glycerophosphocholine
Glycine
Guanidinoacetate
Hippurate
Homoserine_1
Homoserine_2
Hypoxanthine_1
Hypoxanthine_2
Indole-3-Acetaldehyde
Indoleacrylic Acid
Isocytosine
Isoleucine
L-Anserine
L-Arabitol
L-Asparagine_1
L-Asparagine_2
L-Asparagine_3
L-Asparagine_4
L-Aspartate
L-Carnitine
Leu Pro
Leucine
L-Glutamic Acid_1
L-Glutamic Acid_2
L-Glutamic Acid_3
L-Glutamic Acid_4
L-Glutamine_1
L-Glutamine_2
L-Histidine_1
L-Histidine_2
L-Isoleucine
L-Kynurenine
L-Lactic Acid_1
L-Lactic Acid_2
L-Lactic Acid_3
L-Lysine_1
L-Lysine_2
L-Lysine_3
L-Lysine_4
L-Methionine_1
L-Methionine_2
L-Methionine_3
L-Ornithine_1
L-Ornithine_2
L-Ornithine_3
L-Ornithine_4
L-Phenylalanine_1
L-Phenylalanine_2
L-Phenylalanine_3
L-Pipecolic Acid_1
L-Pipecolic Acid_2
L-Pipecolic Acid_3
L-Proline
L-Serine_1
L-Serine_2
L-Tryptophan_1
L-Tryptophan_2
L-Tyrosine_1
L-Tyrosine_2
Lumichrome
L-Valine
Lysope (20:4)
Malate
Methionine Sulfoxide
N1-Methyl-2-Pyridone-5-Carboxamide
N-Acetyl-D-Galactosamine
N-Acetyl-Dl-Glutamic Acid
N-Acetyl-Dl-Serine
N-Acetylglycine_1
N-Acetylglycine_2
N-Acetyl-L-Alanine_1
N-Acetyl-L-Alanine_2
N-Acetyl-L-Alanine_3
N-Acetyl-L-Aspartic Acid_1
N-Acetyl-L-Aspartic Acid_2
N-Acetyl-L-Leucine_1
N-Acetyl-L-Leucine_2
N-Acetyl-L-Leucine_3
N-Boc-L-Aspartic Acid
N-Boc-L-Tert-Leucine
N-Boc-L-Tryptophan
Nicotinamide
Nicotinate_1
Nicotinate_2
N-Methyl-L-Histidine
Norleucine
O-Acetyl-L-Serine
Pantothenic Acid_1
Pantothenic Acid_2
Phenylalanine-Hcooh
Phosphocholine
Propanoylcarnitine
Putrescine
Pyridoxal_1
Pyridoxal_2
Sn-Glycerol 3-Phosphate
Spermidine
Stachydrine
Taurine_1
Taurine_2
Taurine_3
Thymine
Tiglylcarnitine_1
Tiglylcarnitine_2
Trans-Aconitate_1
Trigonelline_1
Trigonelline_2
Tryptamine
Uracil
Urate
Uridine
Xanthine
METABOLITES_END
#END