#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH lleonca_20250522_123227 DATATRACK_ID:5939 STUDY_ID:ST003936 ANALYSIS_ID:AN006478 PROJECT_ID:PR002466 VERSION 1 CREATED_ON June 3, 2025, 9:08 pm #PROJECT PR:PROJECT_TITLE Metabolomic analysis of breast cancer in Colombian patients: Exploring molecular PR:PROJECT_TITLE signatures in different subtypes and stages PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Breast cancer is a neoplasm characterized by high heterogeneity, influenced by PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY intrinsic molecular subtypes and clinical stage, aspects that remain PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY underexplored in the Colombian population. This study aimed to characterize the PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY metabolic alterations associated with subtypes and disease pro-gression using an PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY untargeted metabolomics approach in a cohort of newly diagnosed, PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY treat-ment-naive Colombian women. Samples were analyzed using LC-QTOF-MS and PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY GC-QTOF-MS, along with amino acid profiling to improve metabolite coverage. PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Alterations consistent with previous studies were identified; however, the PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Luminal B subtype showed elevated levels of long-chain acylcarnitines, along PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY with higher concentrations of free fatty acids compared to other subtypes. It PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY also presented elevated levels of carbohydrates and essential glycolytic PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY intermediates, suggesting that this subtype may adopt a hybrid metabolic PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY phenotype characterized by increased glycolytic flux as well as enhanced fatty PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY acid catabolism. TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) staging analysis showed PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY progres-sive metabolic reprogramming of breast cancer. In advanced stages, a PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY sustained increase in phosphatidylcholines and a decrease in PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY lysophosphatidylcholines were observed, reflecting lipid alterations associated PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY with key roles in tumor progression. In early stages (I-II), plasma metabo-lites PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY with high discriminatory power were identified, such as pyrrolidone glutamic PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY acid, ribose, and glycerol, which are associated with dysfunctions in energy and PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY carbohydrate metabolism. These results highlight metabolomics as a promising PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY tool for early diagnosis, clinical follow-up, and molecular characterization in PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY breast cancer. PR:INSTITUTE Universidad de los Andes, Colombia PR:LAST_NAME León Carreño, Bogota PR:FIRST_NAME Lizeth PR:ADDRESS Carrera 3#21-46 PR:EMAIL l.leonc@uniandes.edu.co PR:PHONE 3138218641 #STUDY ST:STUDY_TITLE Metabolomic analysis of breast cancer in Colombian patients: Exploring molecular ST:STUDY_TITLE signatures in different subtypes and stages ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Breast cancer is a neoplasm characterized by high heterogeneity, influenced by ST:STUDY_SUMMARY intrinsic molecular subtypes and clinical stage, aspects that remain ST:STUDY_SUMMARY underexplored in the Colombian population. This study aimed to characterize the ST:STUDY_SUMMARY metabolic alterations associated with subtypes and disease progression using an ST:STUDY_SUMMARY untargeted metabolomics approach in a cohort of newly diagnosed, treatment-naive ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Colombian women. Samples were analyzed using LC-QTOF-MS and GC-QTOF-MS, along ST:STUDY_SUMMARY with amino acid profiling to improve metabolite coverage. Alterations consistent ST:STUDY_SUMMARY with previous studies were identified; however, the Luminal B subtype showed ST:STUDY_SUMMARY elevated levels of long-chain acylcarnitines, along with higher concentrations ST:STUDY_SUMMARY of free fatty acids compared to other subtypes. It also presented elevated ST:STUDY_SUMMARY levels of carbohydrates and essential glycolytic intermediates, suggesting that ST:STUDY_SUMMARY this subtype may adopt a hybrid metabolic phenotype characterized by increased ST:STUDY_SUMMARY glycolytic flux as well as enhanced fatty acid catabolism. TNM (Tumor, Node, ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Metastasis) staging analysis showed progres-sive metabolic reprogramming of ST:STUDY_SUMMARY breast cancer. In advanced stages, a sustained increase in phosphatidylcholines ST:STUDY_SUMMARY and a decrease in lysophosphatidylcholines were observed, reflecting lipid ST:STUDY_SUMMARY alterations associated with key roles in tumor progression. In early stages ST:STUDY_SUMMARY (I-II), plasma metabolites with high discriminatory power were identified, such ST:STUDY_SUMMARY as pyrrolidone glutamic acid, ribose, and glycerol, which are associated with ST:STUDY_SUMMARY dysfunctions in energy and carbohydrate metabolism. These results highlight ST:STUDY_SUMMARY metabolomics as a promising tool for early diagnosis, clinical follow-up, and ST:STUDY_SUMMARY molecular characterization in breast cancer. ST:INSTITUTE Universidad de los Andes ST:LAST_NAME Leon Carreño ST:FIRST_NAME Lizeth ST:ADDRESS Carrera 3#21-46, Bogota ST:EMAIL l.leonc@uniandes.edu.co ST:PHONE 3138218641 #SUBJECT SU:SUBJECT_TYPE Human SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES Homo sapiens SU:TAXONOMY_ID 9606 SU:GENDER Female #SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS: SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Raw file names and additional sample data SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M002 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M002.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M005 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M005.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M009 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M009.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M012 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M012.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M014 Subtype:Basal like | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M014.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M015 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:NA | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M015.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M017 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M017.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M020 Subtype:Basal like | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M020.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M023 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:I | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M023.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M027 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:NA | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M027.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M028 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:NA | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M028.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M029 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:I | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M029.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M032 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M032.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M033 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M033.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M034 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M034.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M037 Subtype:Basal like | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M037.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M038 Subtype:Basal like | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M038.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M039 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:IV | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M039.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M040 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:I | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M040.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M041 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M041.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M042 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M042.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M045 Subtype:Basal like | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M045.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M046 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M046.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M047 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M047.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M048 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:IV | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M048.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M052 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M052.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M055 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M055.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M060 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M060.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M064 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M064.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M065 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:I | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M065.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M069 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M069.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M070 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M070.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M071 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:NA | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M071.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M076 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M076.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M081 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:I | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M081.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M085 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:I | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M085.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M093 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M093.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M094 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:I | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M094.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M096 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:I | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M096.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M105 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:IV | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M105.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M107 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:IV | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M107.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M110 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M110.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M112 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M112.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M113 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M113.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M116 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:I | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M116.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M117 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:NA | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M117.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M118 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:NA | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M118.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M120 Subtype:Basal like | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M120.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M121 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M121.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M122 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M122.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M125 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:NA | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M125.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M126 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M126.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M130 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:I | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M130.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M138 Subtype:Control | Stage:Control | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M138.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M141 Subtype:Control | Stage:Control | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M141.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M145 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M145.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M147 Subtype:Basal like | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M147.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M148 Subtype:Control | Stage:Control | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M148.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M149 Subtype:Control | Stage:Control | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M149.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M151 Subtype:Basal like | Stage:NA | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M151.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M152 Subtype:Basal like | Stage:NA | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M152.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M155 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M155.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M156 Subtype:Luminal A | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M156.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M159 Subtype:Basal like | Stage:NA | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M159.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M162 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:III | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M162.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M163 Subtype:Control | Stage:Control | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M163.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M165 Subtype:HER2 | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M165.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M166 Subtype:Control | Stage:Control | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M166.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M167 Subtype:Control | Stage:Control | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M167.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M170 Subtype:Control | Stage:Control | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M170.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M171 Subtype:Control | Stage:Control | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M171.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - M173 Subtype:Luminal B | Stage:II | Sample source:Plasma RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw data)=M173.mzML #COLLECTION CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY This cross-sectional, exploratory study with an analytical component included CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY 141 cases of women aged 25 to 80 years with newly diagnosed primary breast CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY cancer, at any stage and biological subtype. CO:SAMPLE_TYPE Blood (plasma) #TREATMENT TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY All patients were treated at Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi and consented TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY to the collection of clinical information and blood samples for participation in TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY the study. Exclusion criteria included previous adjuvant or systemic oncologic TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY treatment, as well as a history of autoimmune diseases, genetic metabolic TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY disorders, pharmacologic or HIV-related immunosuppression, and any other type of TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY cancer or tumor aside from breast cancer. A control group of 14 women without TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY breast cancer was also included. Absence of malignancy was confirmed by TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY mammography or breast ultrasound within the past year, with a BIRADS score <2 TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY and no medical history of any type of cancer. All control participants were TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY alive and cancer-free at the time of sample collection. These control samples TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY were included primarily to serve as a quality control step and to help preserve TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY the analytical stability of the models. This study was approved by the TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY institutional ethics committees of Universidad del Rosario and Hospital TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY Universitario Mayor Méderi. Participants completed a questionnaire administered TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY in collaboration with co-investigators, which collected data on the most TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY prevalent multifactorial and metabolic comorbidities observed among Colombian TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY women, particularly those with breast cancer, such as dyslipidemia, primary TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY hypothyroidism of non-autoimmune or idiopathic origin, type II diabetes TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY mellitus, obesity, and arterial hypertension. Participants’ current height and TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY weight were also recorded. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY kilograms divided by height in meters squared. The questionnaire additionally TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY gathered information on age and hormonal status. #SAMPLEPREP SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Sample extraction was conducted by taking 50 µL of plasma sample, and 150 µL SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY of MeOH (at -20°C) was added and vortexed at 3200 rpm for 3 minutes. The SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY samples were incubated at -20 °C for 20 minutes and centrifuged at 13000 rpm, SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY 4°C for 10 minutes #CHROMATOGRAPHY CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY The metabolomic analysis was performed using an LC-QTOF-MS Agilent 6545 CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY instru-ment. Chromatographic separation was carried out using a C18 column CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY (InfinityLab Po-roshell 120 EC-C18 100 x 2.1 mm, 1.9 µm) at 40 °C and a CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY gradient elution composed of: 0.1 % (v/v) formic acid in Milli-Q water (Phase A) CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY and 0.1 % (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile (Phase B) with a constant flow of CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY 0.4 mL/min. The elution gradient started with 5% phase B, increasing to 95% B CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY during the first 15 minutes, and was kept constant for 1 minute. Finally, the CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY percentage for phase B was reduced to 5% from minutes 16-18, remaining at the CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY initial conditions for 4 minutes for a final analysis time of 22 minutes. Mass CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY spectrom-etry detection was performed in positive ionization mode at scan range CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY from 50 to 1100 m/z. CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE Reversed phase CH:INSTRUMENT_NAME Agilent 6545 CH:COLUMN_NAME InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (100 x 2.1mm, 1.9um) CH:SOLVENT_A 100% water; 0.1% formic acid CH:SOLVENT_B 100% acetonitrile; 0.1% formic acid CH:FLOW_GRADIENT The elution gradient started with 5% phase B, increasing to 95% B during the CH:FLOW_GRADIENT first 15 minutes, and was kept constant for 1 minute. Finally, the percentage CH:FLOW_GRADIENT for phase B was re-duced to 5% from minutes 16-18, remaining at the initial CH:FLOW_GRADIENT conditions for 4 minutes for a fi-nal analysis time of 22 minutes CH:FLOW_RATE 0.4 mL/min CH:COLUMN_TEMPERATURE 30 #ANALYSIS AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE MS #MS MS:INSTRUMENT_NAME Agilent 6545 QTOF MS:INSTRUMENT_TYPE QTOF MS:MS_TYPE ESI MS:ION_MODE POSITIVE MS:MS_COMMENTS The raw data by LC-QTOF-MS were processed using Agilent MassHunter Profinder MS:MS_COMMENTS 10.0 software to perform deconvolution, alignment, and integration. For MS:MS_COMMENTS GC-MS-QTOF data were processed in the Agilent MassHunter Unknowns Analysis, MS:MS_COMMENTS Agilent Mass Pro-filer Professional, and Agilent MassHunter Quantitative MS:MS_COMMENTS software. These programs will be used to perform deconvolution, alignment, MS:MS_COMMENTS integration, and identification of the metabo-lites present in the samples. MS:MS_RESULTS_FILE ST003936_AN006478_Results.txt UNITS:Area Has m/z:Neutral masses Has RT:Yes RT units:Minutes #END