#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH Kaori_20250611_192128 DATATRACK_ID:6029 STUDY_ID:ST003985 ANALYSIS_ID:AN006563 PROJECT_ID:PR002491 VERSION 1 CREATED_ON June 16, 2025, 11:23 pm #PROJECT PR:PROJECT_TITLE Glucose-activated JMJD1A drives visceral adipogenesis via PR:PROJECT_TITLE α-ketoglutarate-dependent chromatin remodeling PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Understanding how extracellular glucose regulates adipose tissue remodeling is PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY key to decoding metabolic health. Here, we show that the histone demethylase PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY JMJD1A senses glucose availability via α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a TCA cycle PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY metabolite derived from glycolysis. Upon glucose stimulation, α-KG accumulates PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY in the nucleus and activates JMJD1A to remove repressive H3K9me2 marks at PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY glycolytic and adipogenic gene loci, including Pparg. This initiates a PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY transcriptional feedforward loop that amplifies glycolysis and de novo PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY adipogenesis. Mechanistically, JMJD1A is pre-recruited to chromatin by NFIC, and PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY glucose-induced demethylation enables subsequent ChREBP binding. In vivo, mice PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY lacking JMJD1A in adipocyte precursors exhibit impaired adipose tissue PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY hyperplasia and compensatory hypertrophic expansion selectively in visceral fat, PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY resulting in metabolically unfavorable remodeling. These findings uncover a PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY glucose-sensing α-KG-JMJD1A pathway that regulates histone demethylation and de PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY novo adipogenesis, enabling adaptive expansion of visceral adipose tissue under PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY nutrient excess conditions. PR:INSTITUTE Tohoku University PR:LAST_NAME Sakai PR:FIRST_NAME Juro PR:ADDRESS 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan PR:EMAIL juro.sakai.b6@tohoku.ac.jp PR:PHONE +81-22-717-8117 #STUDY ST:STUDY_TITLE Glucose-activated JMJD1A drives visceral adipogenesis via ST:STUDY_TITLE α-ketoglutarate-dependent chromatin remodeling (Study part 6 of 5) ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Understanding how extracellular glucose regulates adipose tissue remodeling is ST:STUDY_SUMMARY key to decoding metabolic health. Here, we show that the histone demethylase ST:STUDY_SUMMARY JMJD1A senses glucose availability via α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a TCA cycle ST:STUDY_SUMMARY metabolite derived from glycolysis. Upon glucose stimulation, α-KG accumulates ST:STUDY_SUMMARY in the nucleus and activates JMJD1A to remove repressive H3K9me2 marks at ST:STUDY_SUMMARY glycolytic and adipogenic gene loci, including Pparg. This initiates a ST:STUDY_SUMMARY transcriptional feedforward loop that amplifies glycolysis and de novo ST:STUDY_SUMMARY adipogenesis. Mechanistically, JMJD1A is pre-recruited to chromatin by NFIC, and ST:STUDY_SUMMARY glucose-induced demethylation enables subsequent ChREBP binding. In vivo, mice ST:STUDY_SUMMARY lacking JMJD1A in adipocyte precursors exhibit impaired adipose tissue ST:STUDY_SUMMARY hyperplasia and compensatory hypertrophic expansion selectively in visceral fat, ST:STUDY_SUMMARY resulting in metabolically unfavorable remodeling. These findings uncover a ST:STUDY_SUMMARY glucose-sensing α-KG-JMJD1A pathway that regulates histone demethylation and de ST:STUDY_SUMMARY novo adipogenesis, enabling adaptive expansion of visceral adipose tissue under ST:STUDY_SUMMARY nutrient excess conditions. ST:INSTITUTE Tohoku University ST:LAST_NAME Sakai ST:FIRST_NAME Juro ST:ADDRESS 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan ST:EMAIL juro.sakai.b6@tohoku.ac.jp ST:PHONE +81-22-717-8117 ST:STUDY_COMMENTS Figure S1H #SUBJECT SU:SUBJECT_TYPE Cultured cells SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES Mus musculus SU:TAXONOMY_ID 10090 #SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS: SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Raw file names and additional sample data SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 6 3T3-L1_0h Sample source:3T3-L1 | Treatment:13C6-Glucose RAW_FILE_NAME(Anion)=6_d2.mzML; RAW_FILE_NAME(Cation)=6_d5.mzML; RAW_FILE_NAME(Glucose)=g6_d2-3.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 7 3T3-L1_1h Sample source:3T3-L1 | Treatment:13C6-Glucose RAW_FILE_NAME(Anion)=7_d2.mzML; RAW_FILE_NAME(Cation)=7_d5.mzML; RAW_FILE_NAME(Glucose)=g7_d2-2.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 8 3T3-L1_2h Sample source:3T3-L1 | Treatment:13C6-Glucose RAW_FILE_NAME(Anion)=8_d2.mzML; RAW_FILE_NAME(Cation)=8_d5.mzML; RAW_FILE_NAME(Glucose)=g8_d2.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS 9 3T3-L1_4h Sample source:3T3-L1 | Treatment:13C6-Glucose RAW_FILE_NAME(Anion)=9_d2.mzML; RAW_FILE_NAME(Cation)=9_d5.mzML; RAW_FILE_NAME(Glucose)=g9_d2.mzML #COLLECTION CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY 3T3-L1 cells were washed twice with 5% mannitol before metabolite extraction. CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY Aqueous metabolites were extracted with 400 µL of methanol containing three CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY internal standards (3ISs; methionine sulfone, 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY acid [MES] and D-camphol-10-sulfonic acid [CSA]; 25 µM each) at room CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY temperature for 10 min. Then 400 µL chloroform and 200 µL of water were added, CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY and the solution was centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 3 min at 4ºC. The upper CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY aqueous layer (400 µL) was filtered through a 5 kDa cutoff filter (Millipore), CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY and the filtrate was stored at -80ºC until analysis. At the time of analysis, CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY the filtrate was thawed and centrifugally concentrated and dissolved in 25 µL CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY of water containing reference compounds (3-aminopyrrolidine and CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid; 200 µM each). CO:SAMPLE_TYPE Cultured cells #TREATMENT TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated with MDI mixture until day 4 and TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY treated with 25 mM 13C glucose. #SAMPLEPREP SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY For metabolite extraction, the 3T3-L1 cells were washed twice with ice-cold 5% SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY mannitol solution and covered with 1 mL of methanol containing 25 µM internal SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY standards for 10 min. 400 µL of the resulting extracts were mixed with 200 µL SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY of Milli-Q water and 400 µL of chloroform. 400 µL of the aqueous solution was SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY centrifugally filtered through a 5-kDa cut-off filter (Human Metabolome SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Technologies, Tsuruoka, Japan) to remove proteins. The filtrate was SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY centrifugally concentrated and dissolved in 50 µL of Milli-Q water that SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY contained reference compounds (200 µM each of 3-aminopyrrolidine and trimesate) SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY immediately prior to metabolome analysis. #CHROMATOGRAPHY CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE CE CH:INSTRUMENT_NAME Agilent 7100 CE CH:COLUMN_NAME COSMO(+) capillary i. d. 50 µm x 105 cm CH:SOLVENT_A 100% Water; 50 mM deuterated ammonium acetate (CD3COOND4), pH 8.5 CH:SOLVENT_B N/A CH:FLOW_GRADIENT N/A CH:FLOW_RATE N/A CH:COLUMN_TEMPERATURE N/A #ANALYSIS AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE MS #MS MS:INSTRUMENT_NAME Agilent 6230 TOF MS:INSTRUMENT_TYPE TOF MS:MS_TYPE ESI MS:ION_MODE NEGATIVE MS:MS_COMMENTS ESI-TOFMS was performed in the negative ion mode. The capillary voltage was set MS:MS_COMMENTS at 3.5 kV, and a nitrogen gas flow rate (heater temperature 300°C) was set at MS:MS_COMMENTS 10 L/min. The spectrometer was scanned from m/z 50 to 1,000. Peaks were MS:MS_COMMENTS extracted using the automatic integration software MasterHands (Keio University, MS:MS_COMMENTS Tsuruoka, Japan)(Sugimoto et al., Metabolomics, 2009). Based on the in-house MS:MS_COMMENTS library, metabolites were identified from migration time and m/z. Quantification MS:MS_COMMENTS was performed using the standard mixture measured in the same run. #MS_METABOLITE_DATA MS_METABOLITE_DATA:UNITS fmol/cell MS_METABOLITE_DATA_START Samples 3T3-L1_0h 3T3-L1_1h 3T3-L1_2h 3T3-L1_4h Factors Sample source:3T3-L1 | Treatment:13C6-Glucose Sample source:3T3-L1 | Treatment:13C6-Glucose Sample source:3T3-L1 | Treatment:13C6-Glucose Sample source:3T3-L1 | Treatment:13C6-Glucose G1P 0.063 0.022 0.022 0.025 G1P(m+06) N.D. 0.069 0.036 N.D. G6P 0.52 0.057 0.055 0.059 G6P(m+01) 0.021 N.D. N.D. N.D. G6P(m+02) N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. G6P(m+05) N.D. 0.020 N.D. N.D. G6P(m+06) N.D. 0.16 0.12 0.082 F6P 0.11 N.D. N.D. N.D. F6P(m+06) N.D. 0.049 N.D. 0.025 F1,6P 0.18 0.027 0.014 0.011 F1,6P(m+01) 0.020 N.D. N.D. N.D. F1,6P(m+03) N.D. 0.061 N.D. N.D. F1,6P(m+05) N.D. 0.028 N.D. N.D. F1,6P(m+06) N.D. 0.48 0.10 0.080 DHAP 0.83 0.092 0.046 0.056 DHAP(m+01) 0.038 N.D. N.D. N.D. DHAP(m+02) N.D. 0.046 N.D. N.D. DHAP(m+03) N.D. 0.68 0.29 0.16 Glycerophosphate 4.6 0.37 0.30 0.32 Glycerophosphate(m+01) 0.19 0.045 0.042 N.D. Glycerophosphate(m+02) 0.076 0.088 0.048 0.048 Glycerophosphate(m+03) N.D. 2.1 1.0 0.73 G3P 0.19 0.040 N.D. N.D. G3P(m+03) N.D. 0.20 0.066 N.D. 2,3-DPG(m+03) N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 3PG 0.53 0.053 0.049 0.073 3PG(m+03) N.D. 0.17 0.072 0.050 2PG 0.096 N.D. 0.011 N.D. PEP 0.30 0.049 0.045 0.051 PEP(m+03) N.D. 0.079 0.043 N.D. Pyruvate 6.7 0.64 0.50 0.48 Pyruvate(m+01) 0.22 N.D. N.D. N.D. Pyruvate(m+03) N.D. 1.1 0.62 0.43 Lactate 140 5.7 4.9 6.2 Lactate(m+01) 4.6 0.36 0.38 0.48 Lactate(m+02) 0.79 0.87 0.72 0.72 Lactate(m+03) N.D. 9.2 5.0 3.2 Acetyl CoA 0.26 0.096 0.063 0.050 Acetyl CoA(m+01) 0.080 0.033 0.023 0.018 Acetyl CoA(m+02) 0.038 0.076 0.045 0.032 Acetyl CoA(m+03) N.D. 0.025 N.D. N.D. Citrate 3.1 1.0 0.70 0.48 Citrate(m+01) 0.22 0.16 0.11 0.10 Citrate(m+02) 0.057 0.74 0.46 0.39 Citrate(m+03) N.D. 0.51 0.30 0.26 Citrate(m+04) N.D. 0.19 0.12 0.14 Citrate(m+05) N.D. 0.36 0.17 0.14 Citrate(m+06) N.D. 0.040 0.020 0.020 cis-Aconitate 0.13 0.045 0.029 0.018 cis-Aconitate(m+01) 0.010 N.D. N.D. N.D. cis-Aconitate(m+02) N.D. 0.028 0.017 0.017 cis-Aconitate(m+03) N.D. 0.021 0.013 0.012 cis-Aconitate(m+04) N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. cis-Aconitate(m+05) N.D. 0.017 0.0084 N.D. Isocitrate 0.097 0.030 0.015 N.D. 2-Oxoglutarate 3.1 0.94 0.61 0.38 2-Oxoglutarate(m+01) 0.14 N.D. N.D. N.D. 2-Oxoglutarate(m+02) 0.051 0.25 0.17 0.17 2-Oxoglutarate(m+03) N.D. 0.096 0.068 0.063 2-Oxoglutarate(m+04) N.D. 0.071 0.060 N.D. 2-Hydroxyglutarate 0.21 0.17 0.11 0.083 2-Hydroxyglutarate(m+01) 0.015 0.016 0.012 0.011 2-Hydroxyglutarate(m+02) N.D. 0.028 0.024 0.030 2-Hydroxyglutarate(m+03) N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.010 2-Hydroxyglutarate(m+04) N.D. 0.013 N.D. 0.0091 Succinyl CoA N.D. 0.037 0.047 0.068 Succinate 1.2 2.1 3.2 4.4 Succinate(m+01) 0.053 0.18 0.22 0.28 Succinate(m+02) N.D. 0.056 0.056 0.075 Succinate(m+03) N.D. 0.011 0.0072 N.D. Fumarate 2.6 2.2 1.9 1.8 Fumarate(m+01) 0.13 0.24 0.25 0.28 Fumarate(m+02) N.D. 0.47 0.51 0.58 Fumarate(m+03) N.D. 1.3 1.1 0.98 Fumarate(m+04) N.D. 0.12 0.097 0.12 Malate 7.7 6.5 5.3 4.8 Malate(m+01) 0.34 0.64 0.64 0.73 Malate(m+02) 0.077 1.4 1.4 1.5 Malate(m+03) N.D. 3.9 2.9 2.7 Malate(m+04) N.D. 0.33 0.27 0.27 6-Phosphogluconate 0.41 0.097 0.061 0.084 6-Phosphogluconate(m+01) 0.030 N.D. N.D. 0.014 6-Phosphogluconate(m+02) 0.013 N.D. 0.012 0.014 6-Phosphogluconate(m+03) N.D. 0.017 N.D. 0.014 6-Phosphogluconate(m+04) N.D. N.D. 0.014 0.019 6-Phosphogluconate(m+05) N.D. 0.035 0.019 0.014 6-Phosphogluconate(m+06) N.D. 0.24 0.14 0.096 Ru5P 0.14 0.040 0.023 N.D. Ru5P(m+05) N.D. 0.14 0.071 0.049 S7P 0.28 0.054 0.044 0.041 S7P(m+07) N.D. 0.084 0.075 0.048 Propionate 0.33 0.15 0.14 0.13 Glycolate 0.47 0.27 0.19 0.40 Malonate 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13 3-Hydroxybutyrate 0.61 0.41 0.37 0.30 Glycerate 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.11 2-Oxoisopentanoate 1.4 0.20 0.11 0.079 Hexanoate N.D. 0.018 N.D. 0.020 2-Hydroxypentanoate 0.36 0.83 1.0 0.77 Benzoate 0.091 0.042 N.D. N.D. Isethionate 0.031 0.030 0.033 0.051 5-Oxoproline 13 0.52 0.45 0.45 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate 3.3 0.65 0.37 0.22 4-Acetylbutyrate N.D. 0.033 0.024 0.041 N-Acetyl-beta-alanine 0.16 0.052 0.020 N.D. Glutarate 0.089 0.068 0.062 0.056 2-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate 0.083 N.D. N.D. N.D. Threonate 1.2 N.D. N.D. N.D. Ethanolamine phosphate 1.7 2.2 2.5 3.4 Adipate 0.026 0.024 0.017 0.015 3-Phenylpropionate 0.050 0.40 0.45 0.52 Orotate N.D. 0.064 N.D. N.D. Pelargonate 0.020 0.013 0.014 0.018 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutarate 0.058 0.042 0.039 0.041 Terephthalate 0.037 0.042 0.032 0.040 Phthalate 0.015 0.013 0.0095 0.012 Urate 0.061 0.12 0.11 0.13 N-Acetylaspartate 0.010 0.012 0.0090 0.016 Carbamoylaspartate 0.092 0.080 N.D. 0.028 Hippurate N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. Homovanillate 1.4 0.68 0.32 0.22 O-Phosphoserine N.D. 0.13 0.11 0.13 Azelate 0.010 0.0081 0.0063 0.012 N-Acetylglutamate 0.0082 0.013 N.D. N.D. Phenaceturate 0.099 0.048 0.026 0.017 Glucuronate 0.067 0.044 0.039 N.D. Gluconate 0.23 0.37 0.28 0.29 Dodecanoate 0.11 0.096 0.100 0.086 N-Acetylphenylalanine 0.011 0.0085 0.0085 0.0080 Saccharate 0.013 0.016 0.012 0.018 Pantothenate 6.5 6.2 6.2 6.6 N-Acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate 0.037 0.026 0.014 N.D. 2',3'-cCMP N.D. 0.045 N.D. N.D. N-Acetylneuraminate 0.098 0.12 0.10 0.11 CMP N.D. 0.054 0.038 0.027 UMP 0.032 0.13 0.074 0.061 AMP 0.12 0.59 0.29 0.25 GMP N.D. 0.075 0.048 0.043 NADPH 0.19 0.40 0.19 0.20 CoA 0.11 0.11 0.094 0.11 CDP 0.026 0.056 0.042 0.038 UDP 0.095 0.15 0.099 0.12 Isobutyryl CoA 0.022 0.0099 0.0074 0.011 ADP 0.33 0.78 0.55 0.50 Folate N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. GDP N.D. 0.14 0.062 0.063 CTP 0.48 0.58 0.36 0.50 UTP 2.0 1.6 1.1 1.6 ATP 6.2 6.2 3.9 5.5 GTP 0.72 0.87 0.45 0.56 CDP-choline N.D. 0.063 0.073 0.077 UDP-glucose 1.5 0.19 0.49 0.80 UDP-glucuronate 1.4 1.7 1.0 0.72 ADP-glucose 0.096 0.071 0.037 0.062 GDP-mannose 0.081 N.D. N.D. N.D. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 3.1 2.1 1.6 1.5 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate 0.26 0.33 0.35 0.37 NADm+ 2.9 2.5 2.2 1.8 NADH 0.39 0.34 0.26 0.22 NADPm+ N.D. 0.037 N.D. N.D. FAD N.D. 0.097 0.080 N.D. MS_METABOLITE_DATA_END #METABOLITES METABOLITES_START metabolite_name KEGG ID PubChem G1P C00103 65533 G1P(m+06) - - G6P C00092 5958 G6P(m+01) - - G6P(m+02) - - G6P(m+05) - - G6P(m+06) - - F6P C00085 69507 F6P(m+06) - - F1,6P C00354 172313 F1,6P(m+01) - - F1,6P(m+03) - - F1,6P(m+05) - - F1,6P(m+06) - - DHAP C00111 668 DHAP(m+01) - - DHAP(m+02) - - DHAP(m+03) - - Glycerophosphate C00093 439162 Glycerophosphate(m+01) - - Glycerophosphate(m+02) - - Glycerophosphate(m+03) - - G3P C00661 729 G3P(m+03) - - 2,3-DPG(m+03) - - 3PG C00197 439183 3PG(m+03) - - 2PG C00631 439278 PEP C00074 1005 PEP(m+03) - - Pyruvate C00022 1060 Pyruvate(m+01) - - Pyruvate(m+03) - - Lactate C00186 107689 Lactate(m+01) - - Lactate(m+02) - - Lactate(m+03) - - Acetyl CoA C00024 444493 Acetyl CoA(m+01) - - Acetyl CoA(m+02) - - Acetyl CoA(m+03) - - Citrate C00158 19782904 Citrate(m+01) - - Citrate(m+02) - - Citrate(m+03) - - Citrate(m+04) - - Citrate(m+05) - - Citrate(m+06) - - cis-Aconitate C00417 643757 cis-Aconitate(m+01) - - cis-Aconitate(m+02) - - cis-Aconitate(m+03) - - cis-Aconitate(m+04) - - cis-Aconitate(m+05) - - Isocitrate C00311 1198 2-Oxoglutarate C00026 51 2-Oxoglutarate(m+01) - - 2-Oxoglutarate(m+02) - - 2-Oxoglutarate(m+03) - - 2-Oxoglutarate(m+04) - - 2-Hydroxyglutarate C02630 43 2-Hydroxyglutarate(m+01) - - 2-Hydroxyglutarate(m+02) - - 2-Hydroxyglutarate(m+03) - - 2-Hydroxyglutarate(m+04) - - Succinyl CoA C00091 92133 Succinate C00042 1110 Succinate(m+01) - - Succinate(m+02) - - Succinate(m+03) - - Fumarate C00122 21883788 Fumarate(m+01) - - Fumarate(m+02) - - Fumarate(m+03) - - Fumarate(m+04) - - Malate C00711 20130941 Malate(m+01) - - Malate(m+02) - - Malate(m+03) - - Malate(m+04) - - 6-Phosphogluconate C00345 91493 6-Phosphogluconate(m+01) - - 6-Phosphogluconate(m+02) - - 6-Phosphogluconate(m+03) - - 6-Phosphogluconate(m+04) - - 6-Phosphogluconate(m+05) - - 6-Phosphogluconate(m+06) - - Ru5P C00199 439184 Ru5P(m+05) - - S7P C05382 165007 S7P(m+07) - - Propionate C00163 1032 Glycolate C00160 3698251 Malonate C00383 23511544 3-Hydroxybutyrate C01089 92135 Glycerate C00258 439194 2-Oxoisopentanoate C00141 49 Hexanoate C01585 8892 2-Hydroxypentanoate - 98009 Benzoate C00180 20144841 Isethionate C05123 7866 5-Oxoproline C01879 7405 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate C00233 70 4-Acetylbutyrate C02129 18407 N-Acetyl-beta-alanine C01073 76406 Glutarate C00489 23322899 2-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate C03264 439960 Threonate C01620 5460407 Ethanolamine phosphate C00346 1015 Adipate C06104 196 3-Phenylpropionate C05629 107 Orotate C00295 967 Pelargonate C01601 8158 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutarate C03761 1662 Terephthalate C06337 22416364 Phthalate C01606 1017 Urate C00366 1175 N-Acetylaspartate C01042 65065 Carbamoylaspartate C00438 93072 Hippurate C01586 464 Homovanillate C05582 1738 O-Phosphoserine C01005 57689797 Azelate C08261 19347555 N-Acetylglutamate C00624 70914 Phenaceturate C05598 68144 Glucuronate C00191 444791 Gluconate C00257 10690 Dodecanoate C02679 3893 N-Acetylphenylalanine C03519 74839 Saccharate C00818 33037 Pantothenate C00864 6613 N-Acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate C04501 440364 2',3'-cCMP C02354 68934 N-Acetylneuraminate C00270 439197 CMP C00055 6131 UMP C00105 6030 AMP C00020 6083 GMP C00144 6804 NADPH C00005 5884 CoA C00010 87642 CDP C00112 6132 UDP C00015 6031 Isobutyryl CoA C00630 3036931 ADP C00008 6022 Folate C00504 6037 GDP C00035 8977 CTP C00063 6176 UTP C00075 6133 ATP C00002 5957 GTP C00044 6830 CDP-choline C00307 11583971 UDP-glucose C00029 8629 UDP-glucuronate C00167 17473 ADP-glucose C00498 16500 GDP-mannose C00096 18396 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine C00043 445675 CMP-N-acetylneuraminate C00128 448209 NADm+ C00003 10897651 NADH C00004 439153 NADPm+ C00006 57525501 FAD C00016 643975 METABOLITES_END #END