#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH YjChern_20250828_201310 DATATRACK_ID:6345 STUDY_ID:ST004164 ANALYSIS_ID:AN006912 PROJECT_ID:PR002624 VERSION 1 CREATED_ON September 2, 2025, 8:11 pm #PROJECT PR:PROJECT_TITLE Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 2 Modulates Inosine Catabolism to Influence PR:PROJECT_TITLE Astrocyte Metabolism and Reactivity PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Astrocytes are central regulators of brain function and exhibit diverse reactive PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY states in response to injury and inflammation. Although the mechanisms PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY underlying these states remain debated, cellular energy metabolism is thought to PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY play a crucial role. This project aimed to define the role of equilibrative PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY nucleoside transporter 2 (Ent2) in regulating astrocytic responses to PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY inflammatory stimulation, with a particular focus on its function in inosine PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY metabolism and energy balance. Using mouse primary astrocytes exposed to PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY cytokine-induced activation, together with targeted metabolomic profiling and PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY pharmacological manipulation, we examined how Ent2 activity influences purine PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY metabolism and reactivity. Our findings show that inosine is an essential energy PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY substrate during inflammation and that Ent2 is required to regulate inosine PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY efflux and maintain ATP production. Loss of Ent2, or pharmacological inhibition PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY of inosine catabolism, disrupted energy homeostasis, impaired mitochondrial PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY function, and enhanced astrocytic reactivity. These results establish an PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Ent2-inosine-PNP axis as a critical pathway linking purine metabolism to PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY astrocytic reactivity. PR:INSTITUTE Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica PR:LAST_NAME Chern PR:FIRST_NAME Yijuang PR:ADDRESS 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan PR:EMAIL bmychern@ibms.sinica.edu.tw PR:PHONE +886-2-2652-3913 #STUDY ST:STUDY_TITLE Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 2 Modulates Inosine Catabolism to Influence ST:STUDY_TITLE Astrocyte Metabolism and Reactivity ST:STUDY_SUMMARY In this study, we demonstrate that inosine functions as an essential energy ST:STUDY_SUMMARY substrate for astrocytes under inflammatory conditions. Targeted metabolomic ST:STUDY_SUMMARY datasets were generated from mouse primary astrocytes after 24 hours of cytokine ST:STUDY_SUMMARY cocktail treatment. Metabolomic profiling, combined with pharmacological ST:STUDY_SUMMARY approaches, revealed that Ent2 regulates inosine efflux and is critical for ST:STUDY_SUMMARY maintaining astrocytic energy balance. Pharmacological inhibition of inosine ST:STUDY_SUMMARY utilization in energy-producing pathways with Forodesine led to disrupted energy ST:STUDY_SUMMARY homeostasis and increased astrocytic reactivity. The datasets include both raw ST:STUDY_SUMMARY and processed metabolomic files. Metabolomic analyses were performed at the ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Metabolomics Core Facility, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia ST:STUDY_SUMMARY Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. ST:INSTITUTE Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica ST:LAST_NAME Chern ST:FIRST_NAME Yijuang ST:ADDRESS 128 Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan ST:EMAIL bmychern@ibms.sinica.edu.tw ST:PHONE +886-2-26523913 #SUBJECT SU:SUBJECT_TYPE Cultured cells SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES Mus musculus SU:TAXONOMY_ID 10090 #SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS: SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Raw file names and additional sample data SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_1_Ctrl WT_1_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_1_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_2_Ctrl WT_2_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_2_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_3_Ctrl WT_3_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_3_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_4_Ctrl WT_4_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_4_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_5_Ctrl WT_5_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_5_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_6_Ctrl WT_6_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_6_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_1_Cytokine WT_1_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_1_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_2_Cytokine WT_2_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_2_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_3_Cytokine WT_3_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_3_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_4_Cytokine WT_4_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_4_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_5_Cytokine WT_5_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_5_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_6_Cytokine WT_6_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_6_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_7_Cytokine WT_7_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_7_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_1_CytokinePlusForo WT_1_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_1_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_2_CytokinePlusForo WT_2_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-2𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_2_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_3_CytokinePlusForo WT_3_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-3𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_3_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_4_CytokinePlusForo WT_4_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-4𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_4_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_5_CytokinePlusForo WT_5_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-5𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_5_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_6_CytokinePlusForo WT_6_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-6𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_6_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS WT_7_CytokinePlusForo WT_7_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-7𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=WT_7_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_1_Ctrl KO_1_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent2 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_1_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_2_Ctrl KO_2_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent3 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_2_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_3_Ctrl KO_3_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent4 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_3_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_4_Ctrl KO_4_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent5 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_4_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_5_Ctrl KO_5_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent6 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_5_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_6_Ctrl KO_6_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent7 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_6_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_1_Cytokine KO_1_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent8 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_1_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_2_Cytokine KO_2_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent9 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_2_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_3_Cytokine KO_3_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent10 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_3_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_4_Cytokine KO_4_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent11 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_4_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_5_Cytokine KO_5_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent12 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_5_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_6_Cytokine KO_6_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent13 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_6_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_7_Cytokine KO_7_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent14 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_7_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_1_CytokinePlusForo KO_1_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent15 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_1_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_2_CytokinePlusForo KO_2_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent16 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-2𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_2_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_3_CytokinePlusForo KO_3_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent17 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-3𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_3_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_4_CytokinePlusForo KO_4_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent18 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-4𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_4_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_5_CytokinePlusForo KO_5_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent19 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-5𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_5_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_6_CytokinePlusForo KO_6_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent20 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-6𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_6_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS KO_7_CytokinePlusForo KO_7_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent21 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-7𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=negative; RAW_FILE_NAME=KO_7_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_1_Ctrl p_WT_1_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_1_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_2_Ctrl p_WT_2_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_2_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_3_Ctrl p_WT_3_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_3_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_4_Ctrl p_WT_4_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_4_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_5_Ctrl p_WT_5_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_5_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_6_Ctrl p_WT_6_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_6_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_1_Cytokine p_WT_1_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_1_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_2_Cytokine p_WT_2_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_2_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_3_Cytokine p_WT_3_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_3_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_4_Cytokine p_WT_4_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_4_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_5_Cytokine p_WT_5_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_5_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_6_Cytokine p_WT_6_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_6_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_7_Cytokine p_WT_7_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_7_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_1_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_1_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_1_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_2_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_2_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-2𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_2_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_3_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_3_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-3𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_3_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_4_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_4_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-4𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_4_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_5_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_5_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-5𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_5_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_6_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_6_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-6𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_6_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_WT_7_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_7_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-7𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_WT_7_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_1_Ctrl p_KO_1_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent2 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_1_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_2_Ctrl p_KO_2_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent3 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_2_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_3_Ctrl p_KO_3_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent4 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_3_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_4_Ctrl p_KO_4_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent5 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_4_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_5_Ctrl p_KO_5_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent6 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_5_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_6_Ctrl p_KO_6_Ctrl Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent7 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_6_Ctrl.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_1_Cytokine p_KO_1_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent8 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_1_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_2_Cytokine p_KO_2_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent9 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_2_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_3_Cytokine p_KO_3_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent10 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_3_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_4_Cytokine p_KO_4_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent11 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_4_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_5_Cytokine p_KO_5_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent12 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_5_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_6_Cytokine p_KO_6_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent13 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_6_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_7_Cytokine p_KO_7_Cytokine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent14 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_7_Cytokine.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_1_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_1_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent15 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_1_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_2_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_2_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent16 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-2𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_2_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_3_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_3_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent17 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-3𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_3_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_4_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_4_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent18 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-4𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B1; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_4_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_5_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_5_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent19 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-5𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_5_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_6_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_6_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent20 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-6𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_6_CytokinePlusForo.mzML SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS p_KO_7_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_7_CytokinePlusForo Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent21 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-7𝝰/Forodesine Batch=B2; MS_ion Mode=positive; RAW_FILE_NAME=p_KO_7_CytokinePlusForo.mzML #COLLECTION CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY Primary astrocytes were isolated from the brains of wild-type or ENT2-/- mice at CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY postnatal day 1 (P1). On DIV27, cells were stimulated with a cytokine cocktail, CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY and metabolites were extracted on DIV28 using 0.6N perchloric acid (PCA). CO:COLLECTION_PROTOCOL_FILENAME culture_and_collection_protocol.pdf CO:SAMPLE_TYPE Astrocyte cells #TREATMENT TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY Ent2+/+ and Ent2-/- primary astrocytes were treated on DIV27 with TNFα (30 TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY ng/mL) and IL-1α (3 ng/mL) for 24 hours to induce activation. To inhibit PNP TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY activity, Forodesine (2 μM) was applied simultaneously with cytokine treatment. TR:TREATMENT_PROTOCOL_FILENAME Treatment_protocol_24h.pdf #SAMPLEPREP SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Primary astrocytes were washed, digested, and subjected to metabolite extraction SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY using 0.6 N perchloric acid (PCA), followed by neutralization with K₂CO₃. SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY The clarified supernatants were collected and used for metabolomic profiling. SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY The remaining protein pellets were processed separately and retained for SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY concentration measurement. SP:SAMPLEPREP_PROTOCOL_FILENAME PCA_extraction.pdf SP:EXTRACT_STORAGE -80℃ #CHROMATOGRAPHY CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE HILIC CH:INSTRUMENT_NAME Agilent 1290 Infinity II UPLC system CH:COLUMN_NAME ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide (100 x 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) CH:SOLVENT_A 100% Double-distilled Water; 15 mM ammonium acetate; 0.3% Ammonium hydroxide CH:SOLVENT_B 90% Acetonitrile/10% Double-distilled Water; 15 mM ammonium acetate; 0.3% Ammonium hydroxide CH:FLOW_GRADIENT 0–8 min, 90-50% B; 8–10 min, 50% B; 10–11 min, 50–90% B; 11–16 min, CH:FLOW_GRADIENT 90% B. (amide column) CH:FLOW_RATE 0.3 mL/min CH:COLUMN_TEMPERATURE 40℃ #ANALYSIS AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE MS AN:ANALYSIS_PROTOCOL_FILE UPLC-MS-protocol.pdf #MS MS:INSTRUMENT_NAME Agilent 6545XT QTOF MS:INSTRUMENT_TYPE QTOF MS:MS_TYPE ESI MS:ION_MODE POSITIVE MS:MS_COMMENTS Data were acquired in both positive and negative full-scan modes (m/z MS:MS_COMMENTS 60–1500), processed using Agilent Qualitative Analysis 10.0 and Profinder MS:MS_COMMENTS B.10.00 software, and quantified based on peak area across treatments. #MS_METABOLITE_DATA MS_METABOLITE_DATA:UNITS ion counts MS_METABOLITE_DATA_START Samples p_WT_1_Ctrl p_WT_2_Ctrl p_WT_3_Ctrl p_WT_4_Ctrl p_WT_5_Ctrl p_WT_6_Ctrl p_KO_1_Ctrl p_KO_2_Ctrl p_KO_3_Ctrl p_KO_4_Ctrl p_KO_5_Ctrl p_KO_6_Ctrl p_WT_1_Cytokine p_WT_2_Cytokine p_WT_3_Cytokine p_WT_4_Cytokine p_WT_5_Cytokine p_WT_6_Cytokine p_WT_7_Cytokine p_KO_1_Cytokine p_KO_2_Cytokine p_KO_3_Cytokine p_KO_4_Cytokine p_KO_5_Cytokine p_KO_6_Cytokine p_KO_7_Cytokine p_WT_1_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_2_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_3_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_4_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_5_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_6_CytokinePlusForo p_WT_7_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_1_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_2_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_3_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_4_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_5_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_6_CytokinePlusForo p_KO_7_CytokinePlusForo Factors Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent2 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent3 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent4 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent5 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent6 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent7 knockout | treatment:Vehicle Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent8 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent9 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent10 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent11 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent12 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent13 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent14 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰 Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-2𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-3𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-4𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-5𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-6𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Wild-type | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-7𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent15 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-1𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent16 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-2𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent17 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-3𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent18 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-4𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent19 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-5𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent20 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-6𝝰/Forodesine Sample source:mouse primary astrocytes | Genotype:Ent21 knockout | treatment:TNF𝝰/IL-7𝝰/Forodesine Total protein 238.6 279.2 279.2 279.2 286 245.4 245.4 326.4 292.6 238.6 428 272.4 340 319.8 286 279.2 292.6 299.4 258.8 326.4 292.6 286 380.6 279.2 245.4 204.8 313 286 286 265.6 286 313 482 373.8 265.6 286 292.6 326.4 340 279.2 Fenclonine (IS) 89890 114691 98505 96122 82470 92774 94968 91274 90913 74102 65933 76185 113937 69617 112373 85947 89160 96719 89733 86418 65503 91192 67912 76304 72970 69061 107781 99622 86299 110413 86441 90160 84442 92540 94052 88405 85148 65011 66096 71078 Acetyl-CoA Adenine 6045045 5260451 6204603 8542392 9118546 7812516 6064514 5307835 6361569 8377334 12484783 11111987 6610439 6171527 5325796 8784115 6838612 8006772 7795448 7948946 11223329 8077037 10004015 9701032 8649979 9352425 4992849 6434826 4174415 6630004 9649181 9148978 7678355 4381183 4073349 3772020 5221655 5994059 6534384 7246007 Adenosine 70122 154564 90280 213796 154222 156008 119792 104432 132588 245139 253549 212922 76221 66938 97312 137130 154809 169840 99019 98090 115738 124264 152085 207675 105933 113307 93376 104960 68912 68657 255261 131850 108095 70254 75229 61727 52947 199190 99146 208600 ADP 45245 127927 59587 113317 111986 164897 137733 117425 197902 159733 205208 179106 101843 37984 80023 100932 74996 136143 102128 136706 72127 150195 135620 161271 143669 118421 67059 56441 52768 107513 157100 116982 96766 117957 139858 136924 113562 62605 73471 79205 AMP 66531 114706 62305 73327 68923 77447 86025 87108 100937 79623 104376 75870 76583 41195 56382 58902 51538 62688 55927 72891 53986 77355 59002 71002 64694 67607 56077 48451 43572 61564 66343 50750 44738 59350 63316 77482 92039 50660 50346 58800 ATP 239010 258189 257582 350590 333034 346007 313193 274804 299556 339452 335970 318727 266772 233671 239744 269718 255291 328756 306450 293154 313620 334361 339707 344419 321075 293314 171248 242890 203934 271316 313617 306113 268301 257488 237147 252046 256725 281816 299473 306682 CDP CMP 880 1234 924 978 502 955 1509 1092 1702 1194 1555 1303 854 698 1099 1002 624 893 676 1856 1328 2643 1585 1668 1292 1511 756 991 882 1565 1687 887 1249 1697 1489 1800 1929 1128 1134 1312 CTP 4795 5389 5643 7357 7111 8094 7812 6291 7061 8180 8951 8607 6752 5867 6310 6854 6223 8498 8163 12967 14926 13773 13949 15769 14419 11657 7879 10849 7916 11443 14569 13972 11824 13264 10086 11090 9519 12011 13625 14747 Cytidine Cytosine 9418 7319 6537 15217 10671 18594 9946 6469 8999 14158 26459 26449 9368 7197 7335 8697 11022 16529 13080 8383 14348 11251 18126 19711 17712 15287 5502 4385 6191 8315 14605 15150 12481 7984 8346 8326 5892 12131 13233 17346 GDP 4087 5955 4076 6586 6088 7237 5869 5391 6544 6002 7375 7087 5379 3655 5135 5543 4958 6508 5686 6353 4310 6472 6207 6792 6272 6359 5305 4462 4375 5605 7365 6386 5952 6044 5553 5931 5761 4766 5003 5789 GMP GSH GSNO GSSG 669321 661762 735954 987767 880750 896081 1066445 934419 1079493 964163 986188 953450 924660 810380 813897 828735 806710 1135215 1049000 1153423 1255405 1418183 1225249 1333941 1186362 994786 625927 830450 735803 1092400 1182207 1089961 956960 1049909 960685 1148870 1181685 946168 992382 1124261 GTP 17980 19233 19965 24383 23897 26101 26708 21884 23778 25938 26120 24577 22612 19342 19314 22775 19674 26393 24425 28568 30997 32584 30268 32002 28340 23601 16501 25110 18095 27092 28171 26513 25077 25216 20604 23558 23039 25033 27735 27507 Guanine 91233 109006 92607 367501 339380 264460 145346 116384 150347 304534 755118 657002 122120 69115 103185 284585 219706 272935 238660 149907 129220 143959 366859 328962 345819 375049 121465 102754 67921 124266 414559 353859 275587 112226 112396 118988 118279 322121 310779 414613 Guanosine Malonyl-CoA NAD+ 29470 27113 16017 40386 30793 35306 42972 30347 38091 37796 66713 46342 24564 13789 21633 23339 16570 39722 29163 26868 43314 35604 37038 48893 30403 33911 17746 26488 15301 33041 58341 43927 33594 35026 36837 54513 33301 66106 68073 73239 NADH NADP+ 3878 3182 2465 4076 4227 3778 3730 3130 4043 4189 6653 4877 3551 2285 4518 3623 3106 5161 3840 2462 4725 3264 3444 3778 2607 3148 3600 3333 2687 4021 4417 4271 4075 2799 3092 4724 2287 4847 5447 5428 NADPH Succinyl-CoA Adenosine diphosphate ribose 1000 658 515 801 520 617 859 774 883 782 1118 916 1102 984 520 791 634 673 688 964 1477 1253 895 1120 774 912 575 828 599 909 909 804 834 1208 919 868 842 850 924 1078 GABA Nicotinamide riboside Nicotinic acid riboside MS_METABOLITE_DATA_END #METABOLITES METABOLITES_START metabolite_name Formula Mass RT CAS ID Total protein Fenclonine (IS) C9 H10 Cl N O2 199.039 1.9 14173-39-8 Acetyl-CoA C23 H38 N7 O17 P3 S 809.126 4.6 72-89-9 Adenine C5 H5 N5 135.055 1.7 73-24-5 Adenosine C10 H13 N5 O4 267.0962 1.8 58-61-7 ADP C10 H15 N5 O10 P2 427.029 5.5 58-64-0 AMP C10 H14 N5 O7 P 347.063 5.0 61-19-8 ATP C10 H16 N5 O13 P3 506.996 5.9 56-65-5 CDP C9 H15 N3 O11 P2 403.018 5.6 63-38-7 CMP C9 H14 N3 O8 P 323.051 5.5 63-37-6 CTP C9 H16 N3 O14 P3 482.983 6.4 65-47-4 Cytidine C9 H13 N3 O5 243.086 2.2 65-46-3 Cytosine C4 H5 N3 O 111.044 2.1 71-30-7 GDP C10 H15 N5 O11 P2 443.023 6.1 146-91-8 GMP C10 H14 N5 O8 P 363.058 5.4 85-32-5 GSH C10 H17 N3 O6 S 307.084 4.4 70-18-8 GSNO C10 H16 N4 O7 S 336.074 4.0 57564-91-7 GSSG C20 H32 N6 O12 S2 612.153 6.2 27025-41-8 GTP C10 H16 N5 O14 P3 522.989 6.5 86-01-1 Guanine C5 H5 N5 O 151.050 2.3 73-40-5 Guanosine C10 H13 N5 O5 283.092 2.5 118-00-3 Malonyl-CoA C24 H38 N7 O19 P3 S 853.116 5.6 524-14-1 NAD+ C21 H28 N7 O14 P2 664.115 5.1 53-84-9 NADH C21 H29 N7 O14 P2 665.125 4.3 58-68-4 NADP+ C21 H29 N7 O17 P3 744.081 6.2 53-59-8 NADPH C21 H30 N7 O17 P3 745.091 5.6 53-57-6 Succinyl-CoA C25 H40 N7 O19 P3 S 867.131 5.5 604-98-8 Adenosine diphosphate ribose C15 H23 N5 O14 P2 559.070 4.9 GABA C4 H9 N O2 103.063 4.1 56-12-2 Nicotinamide riboside C11 H15 N2 O5 255.098 4.1 Nicotinic acid riboside C11 H13 N O6 255.074 3.4 METABOLITES_END #END