#METABOLOMICS WORKBENCH alanyl_20250326_092330 DATATRACK_ID:5788 STUDY_ID:ST003827 ANALYSIS_ID:AN007479 PROJECT_ID:PR002390 VERSION 1 CREATED_ON December 17, 2025, 1:59 pm #PROJECT PR:PROJECT_TITLE In vivo CRISPR screen identifies copper metabolism as a vulnerability in acute PR:PROJECT_TITLE lymphoblastic leukemia PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY The nutrient-sparse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) poses a significant challenge to PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY spreading cancer cells. Despite this challenge, leukemia often spreads to the PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY CSF and represents a significant clinical complication. To uncover nutritional PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY dependencies of leukemia cells in the CSF that could be targeted PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY therapeutically, we conducted an in vivo targeted CRISPR screen in a xenograft PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY model of leukemia. We found that SLC31A1, the primary cell surface copper PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY importer, is a genetic dependency of leukemia in both the central nervous system PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY as well as in the hematopoietic organs. Perturbation of copper metabolism leads PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY to complex IV deficiency, perturbed nucleotide metabolism and slowed leukemia PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY cell proliferation. Furthermore, nutritional copper depletion reduced cancer PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY progression in cell line based and patient-derived xenograft models of leukemia. PR:PROJECT_SUMMARY Copper thus appears to be an actionable micronutrient in leukemia. PR:INSTITUTE Boston Children's Hospital PR:DEPARTMENT Pathology PR:LABORATORY Naama Kanarek PR:LAST_NAME Wong PR:FIRST_NAME Alan PR:ADDRESS 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA PR:EMAIL alan.wong@childrens.harvard.edu PR:PHONE (617) 355-7433 PR:FUNDING_SOURCE NCI 1R01CA282477-01A1 #STUDY ST:STUDY_TITLE Polar metabolite profiling of mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from control mice ST:STUDY_TITLE and mice with leukemia in the central nervous system (CNS) ST:STUDY_SUMMARY To investigate the effects CNS leukemia on the cerebrospinal fluid metabolome, ST:STUDY_SUMMARY CSF was collected from control, healthy NOD-SCID mice, and compared to CSF ST:STUDY_SUMMARY collected from terminal mice that received human leukemia cells into the CNS by ST:STUDY_SUMMARY intracisternal injection. This study revealed amino acid and nucleoside changes ST:STUDY_SUMMARY in the CSF. ST:INSTITUTE Boston Childrens Hospital ST:LAST_NAME Wong ST:FIRST_NAME Alan ST:ADDRESS 300 Longwood Avenue ST:EMAIL alan.wong@childrens.harvard.edu ST:PHONE (617) 355-7433 ST:NUM_GROUPS 4 #SUBJECT SU:SUBJECT_TYPE Mammal SU:SUBJECT_SPECIES Mus musculus SU:TAXONOMY_ID 10090 SU:GENOTYPE_STRAIN NOD-SCID SU:AGE_OR_AGE_RANGE 8-12 weeks SU:GENDER Male and female #SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS: SUBJECT(optional)[tab]SAMPLE[tab]FACTORS(NAME:VALUE pairs separated by |)[tab]Raw file names and additional sample data SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW901 Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:CNS_leukemia RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file)=20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW901.raw SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW902 Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:CNS_leukemia RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file)=20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW902.raw SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW903 Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:CNS_leukemia RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file)=20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW903.raw SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW904 Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:CNS_leukemia RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file)=20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW904.raw SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW905 Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:CNS_leukemia RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file)=20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW905.raw SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW906 Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:control RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file)=20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW906.raw SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW907 Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:control RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file)=20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW907.raw SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW908 Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:control RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file)=20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW908.raw SUBJECT_SAMPLE_FACTORS - 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW909 Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:control RAW_FILE_NAME(Raw file)=20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW909.raw #COLLECTION CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY Mice were anesthetized using ketamine+xylazine injection and anesthesia verified CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY by toe pinch. Following surgery to open the skin and muscular layers at the CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY posterior aspect of the skull, the area of the skull overlaying the cisterna CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY magna was appreciated. Using a glass microcapillary needle, CSF was withdrawn CO:COLLECTION_SUMMARY with gentle suction from the cisterna magna. CO:SAMPLE_TYPE Cerebrospinal fluid #TREATMENT TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY 8-12 week old NOD-SCID mice received 50,000 human SEM leukemia cells by TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY intracisternal injection in 10uL of 0.9% NaCl saline. Mice were monitored until TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY terminal disease was reached (approx. 4 weeks), and then CSF was collected from TR:TREATMENT_SUMMARY the mice. Healthy, untreated control mice had CSF collected on the same day. #SAMPLEPREP SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY The CSF was spun at 350g in a 4C centrifuge for 5 minutes. If blood was noted at SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY the bottom of the tube, the sample was discarded. The supernatan CSF was SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY transferred to a new tube. Then, 10uL of CSF from each animal was transferred to SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY a new tube. 160uL of 100% LC-MS grade methanol supplemented with SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY isotopically-labelled amino acid standards [Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY MSK-A2-1.2], aminopterin, and reduced glutathione standard [Cambridge Isotope SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Laboratories, CNLM-6245-10]). with repeated pipetting up and down and vortexing SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY for 10 seconds. Then, 40uL of LCMS-grade water containing 125 mM Ammonium SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Acetate, 10 mM Na-Ascorbate, and 7.9 mg/mL 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY (Ellman's reagent) was added, and the sample vortexex for another 10 seconds. SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY Samples were then centrifuged for 10 minutes at 18,000 g to pellet debris. The SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY supernatant was transferred to a new tube and dried on ice using a liquid SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY nitrogen dryer and stored at -80C. The dried metabolites were then resuspended SP:SAMPLEPREP_SUMMARY in 16uL and 2uL was injected. #CHROMATOGRAPHY CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY 2 μL of each sample was injected into a ZIC-pHILIC 150 x 2.1 mm (5 μm particle CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY size) column (EMD Millipore) operated on a Vanquish™ Flex UHPLC system (Thermo CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY Fisher Scientific). Chromatographic separation was achieved using the following CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY conditions: buffer A was acetonitrile; buffer B was 20 mM ammonium carbonate, CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY 0.1% ammonium hydroxide in water; resulting pH is around 9 without pH CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY adjustment. Gradient conditions used were: 0-20 min: linear gradient from 20% to CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY 80% B; 20-24 min: hold at 80% B; 24-24.1 min: from 80% to 20% B; 24.1-32 min: CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY hold at 20% B at 0.150 mL/min flow rate. The column oven and autosampler tray CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_SUMMARY were held at 25 °C and 4 °C, respectively. CH:CHROMATOGRAPHY_TYPE HILIC CH:INSTRUMENT_NAME Thermo Vanquish CH:COLUMN_NAME SeQuant ZIC-HILIC (150 x 2.1mm,5um) CH:SOLVENT_A 100% acetonitrile CH:SOLVENT_B 100% water; 20mM ammonium carbonate; 0.1% ammonium hydroxide CH:FLOW_GRADIENT linear gradient from 20 to 80% B; 20–20.5 min: from 80 to 20% B; CH:FLOW_GRADIENT 20.5–28 min: hold at 20% B. CH:FLOW_RATE 0.15 mL/min CH:COLUMN_TEMPERATURE 25 #ANALYSIS AN:ANALYSIS_TYPE MS #MS MS:INSTRUMENT_NAME Thermo Q Exactive Orbitrap MS:INSTRUMENT_TYPE Orbitrap MS:MS_TYPE ESI MS:ION_MODE UNSPECIFIED MS:MS_COMMENTS MS data acquisition was performed using a QExactive benchtop orbitrap mass MS:MS_COMMENTS spectrometer equipped with an Ion Max source and a HESI II probe (Thermo Fisher MS:MS_COMMENTS Scientific) and polarity switching was used. Four scans were used: full scans in MS:MS_COMMENTS both positive and negative ionization mode in a range of m/z = 70–1000, with MS:MS_COMMENTS the resolution set at 70,000, the AGC target at 1 × 106, and the maximum MS:MS_COMMENTS injection time (Max IT) at 20 msec from 0-20 minutes. A third scan in the MS:MS_COMMENTS negative mode was used with range of m/z = 220-700 from 0-20 minutes and the MS:MS_COMMENTS same resolution, AGC settings with 30ms Max IT. Lastly, a targeted-SIM scan was MS:MS_COMMENTS added with a resolution of 35k, AGC target 1e5, and max IT 20ms, isolation MS:MS_COMMENTS window = 1.0 m/z, with an inclusion m/z of 503.0552 (corresponding to MS:MS_COMMENTS Ellman-derivatized glutathione). Tune file parameters were: spray voltage = MS:MS_COMMENTS 3.5kV, capillary temperature = 320C, S-lens RF = 50, auxillary gas temperature = MS:MS_COMMENTS 350C. #MS_METABOLITE_DATA MS_METABOLITE_DATA:UNITS Normalized peak area MS_METABOLITE_DATA_START Samples 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW901 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW902 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW903 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW904 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW905 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW906 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW907 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW908 20230304_QE1_HILIC_ICcellsandCSF_AYW909 Factors Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:CNS_leukemia Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:CNS_leukemia Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:CNS_leukemia Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:CNS_leukemia Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:CNS_leukemia Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:control Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:control Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:control Sample source:mouse CSF | Cancer:control 2-hydroxyglutarate 4703767150 4484919470 3350640554 3351042232 5094708722 4375068270 4787745354 4789797461 5439860027 2-oxobutyric_acid 260021900 259135509.1 192905725.3 204936847.6 268787538.8 182494691.4 167684084.8 226849349.2 244298464.1 3-methyl.2.oxopentanoic_acid 84963552.67 61855028.56 109249515.1 57378572.29 117110989.5 64225209.07 76431236.37 97624134.56 105097419.5 3-phosphoglycerate 8715895.933 10122599.77 6013230.465 9087866.522 7186523.678 14866066.61 14209396.72 13790020.92 10760589.64 acetoacetate 260021900 262195519.9 165227471.1 204936847.6 268787538.8 182494691.4 181458798.6 216741251.6 244298464.1 adenosine 8673939.258 14013514.97 4324356.067 15403264.82 8030465.339 24027315.81 354287516 20240767.05 6021779.353 alanine 1016327182 934320312.1 743597565.9 995841255.5 972688178.9 788480768.6 658938116.6 903983337.3 881633994.7 allantoin 14492568.86 10771316.15 8722187.451 10526901.88 9875897.169 4959248.207 3512018.9 9491145.196 4644782.893 alpha.keto.isovalerate 58381499.69 47573733.61 61104568 38804136.81 56540364.29 62178916.93 73049940.92 104729984.1 120208803.1 Alpha.Lipoic.Acid 7721480.723 7876573.745 5391707.047 6188638.576 7539121.262 5151418.618 5050387.643 6197630.947 7482147.208 AMP 1895175.288 3751204.877 1039804.485 3738885.488 1981770.11 1715676.014 770308.7952 1637287.135 138730.7925 arginine 1107859576 1044822727 1179570198 1108476378 1148661224 2785577825 2856758057 3500279759 3719186098 argininosuccinate 16240917.2 14004899.46 9318471.848 14426255.25 15513115.74 25106415.7 31471287.03 38907534.91 36688550.22 ascorbate 5434742890 5084904036 3766797375 4425248614 5773512489 4620235330 4317187170 6187947719 6305964318 asparagine 15904723.29 16224277.9 16421803.31 17190343.24 16225134.18 15180399.72 10952828.99 12551293.61 11734751.94 aspartate 4604552.661 5883531.325 14782674.57 11601876.35 4600328.168 7897498.477 8407349.235 12258432.36 2953787.238 asymmetric.dimethylarginine 242261680.3 183198585.6 223132218.5 216089943.1 182946992.5 66821778.3 50195558.22 68352786.78 69096825.19 betaine 1562180627 1833577217 4305831265 2696127841 1477009006 1198292401 1199106467 1083773455 1115113058 cis.aconitate 274350136.3 233803997.3 199359849.9 202064351.6 282120949.7 155453802.7 247776422.1 222577910.8 245035747.1 citrate 1853990634 1839817368 1523666815 1537848197 2424683711 1160629841 1729154733 1747620640 1792220448 citrulline 364158693.6 302800013.3 492126255.9 334041776 281764793.4 378680082.7 287636659.7 458792023.2 453033407.1 creatine 34361524961 29566719916 23482777008 34997972328 31768645686 23679024648 20645753628 28215673423 26745963268 creatinine 778266192.5 826641048.4 538577183.2 804974003.2 788980186 904314323.9 658336692.2 797405888.8 762633703.2 Cys_Ell 11181619.96 9022355.511 18873915.54 13316777.86 7971116.342 13682676.51 15612144.43 16009801.97 14201674.12 cystine 751138.0222 2256018.338 34889392.2 10708138.45 2536925.609 2365288.553 1603691.282 2049103.56 4095553.657 cytidine 18006650.74 15222489.49 21391876.45 13702085.17 15522699.98 37889618.69 73401671.22 31305450.35 44398628.1 cytosine 19206203.55 13237554.18 25399162.62 10701889.92 14718200.92 44771904.42 107696487.2 33535376.2 46723490.39 dTMP 66376576.68 67580589.08 41759885.56 65805984.16 68628109.43 76993169.96 52323329.63 70473655.86 59495377.34 formyl_methionine 7209394.245 8093955.311 7496490.094 9096960.273 8798904.775 2675302.915 5506060.082 5036036.907 5578106.044 fumarate 25429998.45 28062617.25 26143112.82 31185297.01 32626957.93 22405381.39 32938404.3 45513583.54 37777887.8 Glucose.6.phosphate 8251814.669 10285856.72 5601936.764 7801887.529 8395197.476 6316969.526 4354649.712 6362500.393 6006011.455 glutamate 30083374.6 54533294.17 48422701.58 25714183.48 24998022.27 29225672.37 17908665.73 10972828.06 5835841.703 glutamine 10752842158 9780166988 7026911282 7572150453 12538694820 14409232887 13148011135 16227261622 17281070782 glycerate 21194353881 21206311943 13246182459 18124738699 21477087223 14092856690 14889370142 19583476486 20351130041 Glycerol.3.Phosphate 11807529.16 10721175.63 7169391.408 8613889.399 10833658.07 11056265.33 9673031.296 11166283.6 10944591.59 Glycerophosphocholine 656795494.7 1120595963 492736933.6 707472521.8 616160062.1 1657789924 491036290 590420021.9 517399003.7 glycine 41532208.97 33314511.65 30978728.86 35407078.52 37581577.66 29406743.51 25919206.19 30598831.39 31142705.73 GSH_Ellmans 31528245.08 34886133.67 27268748.44 36480342.5 32779025.63 24606108.73 31186242.83 35275493.51 38152156.47 GSSG 1101334.072 1610919.732 2307500.368 2024845.839 753516.4911 4385693.168 59790.82039 61191.31251 NA guanidinoacetate 39313047.97 33531477.44 53559974.63 44224817.01 23541883.37 11677456.75 11513525.68 16040288.79 16287015.02 guanine 271812.7268 365731.6258 2000200.261 575313.5491 82219.54448 7584854.767 19753437.82 5336962.135 9815945.89 histidine 1032117548 967564973.3 936854600 707785668.1 1022538981 2070013689 1686110510 1959817389 2294850515 homocitrulline 44475761.79 41928603.19 37709687.73 33317650.98 54024197.68 31640967.47 24142904.13 36704704.06 30562455.46 indolelactate 9141474.185 7807306.455 3968810.275 871548.3679 4309980.157 6001391.479 4348217.565 6374894.196 7832433.259 isoleucine 91961608.01 63737549.2 222786810.3 136376905 113929172.6 299632902.2 243838379.9 294085285.7 316563966 lactic_acid 31916083357 28354468965 20348487326 24021999718 27073137270 7491128813 15940263901 10471752777 11941460552 lysine 300532723 281534264.9 396051022.4 274331907 324372906.8 564844006.2 436252064 517278524.2 523690351 malate 441251946.8 387968727.8 287949130 432006451.5 376208291.6 379303939.9 481479792.6 412429626.4 413472896.8 Methionine.sulfoxide 40491495.7 49115627.1 50558018.55 33586750.25 41443749.79 140067057.4 67430498 136699894.1 136716433.1 methionine 247063662.4 281538423.7 315569378.1 294350533.1 248594192.5 693055962.4 643950695.5 840530813.6 949566217.6 N.acetylaspartate 10935847.44 11316320.02 5775295.414 8435805.351 13065510.92 10144462.18 4680451.926 7258144.15 11158079.49 N.acetylglutamate 87924751.11 66782759.5 48735550.11 56722948.86 74838088.89 47270351.89 36048544.06 58103884.08 55526614.14 N.acetylphenylalanine 3271296.589 5243935.703 3747150.386 4413962.733 6525733.372 3455691.72 3992342.26 4568857.007 4176212.636 niacinamide 1959952318 2237805499 1287473757 1509595340 2760257535 2602990020 859594447 2924002315 1807519194 O.phosphoethanolamine 35986357.36 42329381.08 26396751.84 32233675.48 32773812.82 26010333.92 19975733.42 23529048.12 23623088.23 ornithine 7493246.18 8123385.962 15647379.43 15330272.85 9079239.754 10276259.58 12050166.4 9053061.942 9447951.151 orotate 83066240.84 79778306.57 53938224.27 66828816.59 81575696.42 66658466.19 54194224.86 72744792.15 73305553.19 phosphocholine 785762299.8 827966437.1 641661459.4 667603427.1 836562406.8 1577771573 510252194.7 612667834.2 625307730.6 phosphocreatine 352715314.1 394126276.8 272051422.1 273088912.7 507321972.2 314222857 250150036.5 290202956.9 287027175.1 phosphoenolpyruvate 13032779.58 13012111.81 9355234.936 10916380.76 10593016.23 18207826.13 23350164.76 19679613.51 22951943.97 Pipecolate 51233738.97 39459478.94 110781029.1 54317528.03 49628120.16 24131770.49 22388834.93 37595154.22 40187542.41 proline 950819384.6 1056813514 1678658965 343782847.3 900640021.3 343339355.2 134750849.7 306591168.6 324365514.8 propionylcarnitine 53396308.06 32703194.08 88489370.86 40618441.73 38255631.83 60745960.43 19262424.2 24864433.44 25272646.4 pseudouridine 68916055.62 64336231.38 47810806.32 51584990.01 65066597.49 39085459.15 28302763.65 27986885.3 25761219.84 Pyridoxal 155450866.2 146896708.1 96810954.58 113338881.5 140210776.3 94198686.51 87546745.59 119964457 129732897.6 Pyridoxine 60712006.59 87273643.92 72670334.63 85449157.95 89925722.45 67854352.45 52695033.25 98040042.35 71007934.34 sarcosine 1023152116 985851601.9 769573958.5 1014811764 1031028417 835998706 661696780.8 937353085.1 933742423.4 serine 212548991.1 200634014.8 154111712.7 179626626 239229972.1 275062798.7 239897655.1 256224485.9 273293459.7 sorbitol 73564406.37 84623211.7 47199079.3 57587331.2 79520720.12 64790913.54 51927615.45 66331848.8 70225175.29 succinate 172450894.7 102411031.9 97673915.34 126338828.9 179206304.2 77257136.37 185326193.2 200980709 160411460 taurine 330114743.6 283679281.5 296584954.2 321700208.1 316038444.5 267950729.2 202822434.7 259385668.7 251694660 thymidine 42461477.97 36924592.55 30465730.26 40985319.58 47515787.99 10662910.19 6937295.554 5570469.466 4925704.058 THYMINE 75860485.44 66209725.99 52581378.84 72316119.25 86185406.9 24220339.78 19581251.87 17819791.01 17249559.08 tryptophan 65259330.76 80837238.45 121149581.4 68773185.65 63061978.03 215705236.4 149799405.6 127507472.7 138268599.1 tyrosine 93424420.4 88487243.54 145450578.3 45977697.17 74142198.75 175401592.5 103488629.7 291222121.2 328238111.1 uric.acid 68354879.45 69724488.85 61991269.37 72890478.21 79724434.77 33930296.36 27928812.07 19703802.5 27924499.14 UTP NA NA NA 14193369.39 193103.3094 438509.9847 8030136.161 NA NA xanthine 4333905.43 5328269.886 4123813.984 7019477.88 4042196.058 6384272.941 13613499.57 6144130.6 7478621.372 MS_METABOLITE_DATA_END #METABOLITES METABOLITES_START metabolite_name 2-hydroxyglutarate 2-oxobutyric_acid 3-methyl.2.oxopentanoic_acid 3-phosphoglycerate acetoacetate adenosine alanine allantoin alpha.keto.isovalerate Alpha.Lipoic.Acid AMP arginine argininosuccinate ascorbate asparagine aspartate asymmetric.dimethylarginine betaine cis.aconitate citrate citrulline creatine creatinine Cys_Ell cystine cytidine cytosine dTMP formyl_methionine fumarate Glucose.6.phosphate glutamate glutamine glycerate Glycerol.3.Phosphate Glycerophosphocholine glycine GSH_Ellmans GSSG guanidinoacetate guanine histidine homocitrulline indolelactate isoleucine lactic_acid lysine malate Methionine.sulfoxide methionine N.acetylaspartate N.acetylglutamate N.acetylphenylalanine niacinamide O.phosphoethanolamine ornithine orotate phosphocholine phosphocreatine phosphoenolpyruvate Pipecolate proline propionylcarnitine pseudouridine Pyridoxal Pyridoxine sarcosine serine sorbitol succinate taurine thymidine THYMINE tryptophan tyrosine uric.acid UTP xanthine METABOLITES_END #END