Summary of Study ST004265

This data is available at the NIH Common Fund's National Metabolomics Data Repository (NMDR) website, the Metabolomics Workbench, https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org, where it has been assigned Project ID PR002692. The data can be accessed directly via it's Project DOI: 10.21228/M8PK0Z This work is supported by NIH grant, U2C- DK119886. See: https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/about/howtocite.php

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Study ID	ST004265
Study Title	Seasonal Signatures in Asparagopsis taxiformis (Rhodophyta) Holobiont: Linking Epiphytic Microbial Communities, Metabolite Profiles, and Bioactivity
Study Summary	The epiphytic microbiome of seaweed plays a central role in host physiology, defense, and adaptation. This host–microbe association, known as the holobiont, is shaped by environmental factors such as temperature and seasonality, which also influence bioactive compound production in both marine and terrestrial organisms. Asparagopsis taxiformis is a red macroalga with cosmopolitan distribution, high invasive potential, and growing biotechnological interest. We conducted a two-year, bi-monthly survey at two Israeli Mediterranean sites to examine seasonal links between its epiphytic microbiome and metabolome. Seawater temperature emerged as the primary driver of variation in both microbial composition and metabolite profiles, with host lineage and site showing secondary effects. Warmer periods correlated with higher bacterial diversity, elevated brominated metabolites, and stronger antibacterial activity. These patterns suggest that A. taxiformis adjusts its chemical output in response to seasonal microbial dynamics and provide a framework for optimizing bioactive compound production under controlled cultivation.
Institute	Haifa University
Department	Marine Biology
Last Name	Omri
First Name	Nahor
Address	Multipurpose Building, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
Email	nahoro27@gmail.com
Phone	+972546442703
Submit Date	2025-09-29
Raw Data Available	Yes
Raw Data File Type(s)	mzXML
Analysis Type Detail	LC-MS
Release Date	2025-10-10
Release Version	1

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Project:

Project ID:	PR002692
Project DOI:	doi: 10.21228/M8PK0Z
Project Title:	Seasonal Signatures in Asparagopsis taxiformis (Rhodophyta) Holobiont: Linking Epiphytic Microbial Communities, Metabolite Profiles, and Bioactivity
Project Summary:	The epiphytic microbiome of seaweed plays a central role in host physiology, defense, and adaptation. This host–microbe association, known as the holobiont, is shaped by environmental factors such as temperature and seasonality, which also influence bioactive compound production in both marine and terrestrial organisms. Asparagopsis taxiformis is a red macroalga with cosmopolitan distribution, high invasive potential, and growing biotechnological interest. We conducted a two-year, bi-monthly survey at two Israeli Mediterranean sites to examine seasonal links between its epiphytic microbiome and metabolome. Seawater temperature emerged as the primary driver of variation in both microbial composition and metabolite profiles, with host lineage and site showing secondary effects. Warmer periods correlated with higher bacterial diversity, elevated brominated metabolites, and stronger antibacterial activity. These patterns suggest that A. taxiformis adjusts its chemical output in response to seasonal microbial dynamics and provide a framework for optimizing bioactive compound production under controlled cultivation.
Institute:	Haifa University
Department:	Marine Biology
Last Name:	Omri
First Name:	Nahor
Address:	Multipurpose Building, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel
Email:	nahoro27@gmail.com
Phone:	+972546442703
Contributors:	Tal Luzzatto Knaan, Ivan Plyushchenko

Subject:

Subject ID:	SU004418
Subject Type:	Plant
Subject Species:	Asparagopsis taxiformis
Taxonomy ID:	260499

Factors:

Subject type: Plant; Subject species: Asparagopsis taxiformis (Factor headings shown in green)

mb_sample_id	local_sample_id	Injection order	Sample source	Site	Month	season	year	Temp	Fractiontype
SA497305	F49	100	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2021	29	Crude
SA497306	F51	101	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2021	29	B'
SA497307	F52	102	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2021	29	D'
SA497308	F53	103	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2021	29	F'
SA497309	F54	104	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2021	29	H'
SA497310	F55	105	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2021	29	I'
SA497311	Blank401	106	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497312	F42	107	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2021	27	Crude
SA497313	F44	108	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2021	27	B'
SA497314	F45	109	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2021	27	D'
SA497315	F37	10	sample	Shikmona	10	Fall	2021	27	B'
SA497316	F46	110	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2021	27	F'
SA497317	F47	111	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2021	27	H'
SA497318	F48	112	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2021	27	I'
SA497319	Blank408	113	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497320	F84	114	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2021	20	Crude
SA497321	F86	115	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2021	20	B'
SA497322	F87	116	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2021	20	D'
SA497323	F88	117	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2021	20	F'
SA497324	F89	118	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2021	20	H'
SA497325	F90	119	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2021	20	I'
SA497326	F38	11	sample	Shikmona	10	Fall	2021	27	D'
SA497327	Wash_3415	120	Wash	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497328	Blank416	121	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497329	F164	122	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2022	30	Crude
SA497330	F166	123	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2022	30	B'
SA497331	F167	124	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2022	30	D'
SA497332	F168	125	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2022	30	F'
SA497333	F169	126	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2022	30	H'
SA497334	F170	127	sample	Bat galim	8	Summer	2022	30	I'
SA497335	Blank423	128	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497336	F157	129	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2022	26	Crude
SA497337	F39	12	sample	Shikmona	10	Fall	2021	27	F'
SA497338	F159	130	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2022	26	B'
SA497339	F160	131	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2022	26	D'
SA497340	F161	132	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2022	26	F'
SA497341	F162	133	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2022	26	H'
SA497342	F163	134	sample	Bat galim	10	Fall	2022	26	I'
SA497343	Blank430	135	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497344	F126	136	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2022	21	Crude
SA497345	F128	137	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2022	21	B'
SA497346	F129	138	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2022	21	D'
SA497347	F130	139	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2022	21	F'
SA497348	F40	13	sample	Shikmona	10	Fall	2021	27	H'
SA497349	F131	140	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2022	21	H'
SA497350	F132	141	sample	Bat galim	12	Winter	2022	21	I'
SA497351	Wash_3437	142	Wash	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497352	Blank438	143	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497353	F171	144	sample	Bat galim	2	Winter	2023	17	Crude
SA497354	F173	145	sample	Bat galim	2	Winter	2023	17	B'
SA497355	F174	146	sample	Bat galim	2	Winter	2023	17	D'
SA497356	F175	147	sample	Bat galim	2	Winter	2023	17	F'
SA497357	F176	148	sample	Bat galim	2	Winter	2023	17	H'
SA497358	F177	149	sample	Bat galim	2	Winter	2023	17	I'
SA497359	F41	14	sample	Shikmona	10	Fall	2021	27	I'
SA497360	Blank446	150	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497361	F91	151	sample	Bat galim	4	Spring	2023	22	Crude
SA497362	F93	152	sample	Bat galim	4	Spring	2023	22	B'
SA497363	F94	153	sample	Bat galim	4	Spring	2023	22	D'
SA497364	F95	154	sample	Bat galim	4	Spring	2023	22	F'
SA497365	F96	155	sample	Bat galim	4	Spring	2023	22	H'
SA497366	F97	156	sample	Bat galim	4	Spring	2023	22	I'
SA497367	Blank453	157	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497368	F178	158	sample	Bat galim	6	Summer	2023	28	Crude
SA497369	F180	159	sample	Bat galim	6	Summer	2023	28	B'
SA497370	Blank287	15	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497371	F181	160	sample	Bat galim	6	Summer	2023	28	D'
SA497372	F182	161	sample	Bat galim	6	Summer	2023	28	F'
SA497373	F183	162	sample	Bat galim	6	Summer	2023	28	H'
SA497374	F184	163	sample	Bat galim	6	Summer	2023	28	I'
SA497375	Blank461	164	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497376	F185	165	sample	Bat galim	6	Summer	2022	24	Crude
SA497377	F77	16	sample	Shikmona	12	Winter	2021	20	Crude
SA497378	F79	17	sample	Shikmona	12	Winter	2021	20	B'
SA497379	F80	18	sample	Shikmona	12	Winter	2021	20	D'
SA497380	F81	19	sample	Shikmona	12	Winter	2021	20	F'
SA497381	Blank273	1	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497382	F82	20	sample	Shikmona	12	Winter	2021	20	H'
SA497383	F83	21	sample	Shikmona	12	Winter	2021	20	I'
SA497384	Blank295	22	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497385	F63	23	sample	Shikmona	4	Spring	2022	18	Crude
SA497386	F65	24	sample	Shikmona	4	Spring	2022	18	B'
SA497387	F66	25	sample	Shikmona	4	Spring	2022	18	D'
SA497388	F67	26	sample	Shikmona	4	Spring	2022	18	F'
SA497389	F68	27	sample	Shikmona	4	Spring	2022	18	H'
SA497390	F69	28	sample	Shikmona	4	Spring	2022	18	I'
SA497391	Blank302	29	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497392	F28	2	sample	Shikmona	8	Summer	2021	29	Crude
SA497393	F70	30	sample	Shikmona	6	Summer	2022	24	Crude
SA497394	F72	31	sample	Shikmona	6	Summer	2022	24	B'
SA497395	F73	32	sample	Shikmona	6	Summer	2022	24	D'
SA497396	F74	33	sample	Shikmona	6	Summer	2022	24	F'
SA497397	F75	34	sample	Shikmona	6	Summer	2022	24	H'
SA497398	F76	35	sample	Shikmona	6	Summer	2022	24	I'
SA497399	Blank309	36	blank	no	no	no	no	no	no
SA497400	F112	37	sample	Shikmona	8	Summer	2022	29	Crude
SA497401	F114	38	sample	Shikmona	8	Summer	2022	29	B'
SA497402	F115	39	sample	Shikmona	8	Summer	2022	29	D'
SA497403	F30	3	sample	Shikmona	8	Summer	2021	29	B'
SA497404	F116	40	sample	Shikmona	8	Summer	2022	29	F'

Showing page 1 of 2 Results: 1 2 Next Showing results 1 to 100 of 159

Collection:

Collection ID:	CO004411
Collection Summary:	Gametophytes of Asparagopsis taxiformis (n = 72) were collected from two sites along the northern coast of the Israeli Mediterranean Sea (IMS): Shikmona (32°49′33.8″N, 34°57′16.8″E), located within a designated marine protected area (MPA), and Bat Galim (32°50′11.1″N, 34°58′40.6″E), situated outside the MPA near a popular public beach (Fig. 1). Sampling was conducted between November 2020 and July 2023, with regular collections occurring at least bimonthly from October 2021 onward, dependent on the presence of A. taxiformis at the sites and time. At each sampling point, three different specimens, situated at least three meters apart, were collected and rubbed with a swab immediately after being removed from the water. The swab was then placed in 1 mL of lysis buffer solution (40 mM EDTA, 50 mM Tris pH 8.3, and 0.75 M sucrose). Additionally, approximately 100 mg of thalli were also added to 1 mL of lysis buffer solution. Both samples were transported to the laboratory and stored at -80°C until DNA extraction. For each sampling point, the three different biomass samples from the various specimens were washed with fresh water and then stored at -80°C, followed by freeze-drying using a Lyophilizer. The dry biomass was used for preparing extracts for metabolomic profiling.
Sample Type:	Gametophyte of algae
Storage Conditions:	Described in summary

Treatment:

Treatment ID:	TR004427
Treatment Summary:	No treatment.

Sample Preparation:

Sampleprep ID:	SP004424
Sampleprep Summary:	The freeze-dried biomass was weighed and submerged in a dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) mixture at a 2:1 ratio. The mixture underwent sonication (Digital Pro- digital ultrasonic cleaner) for 30 minutes to enhance extraction. After 24 hours, the liquid was drained and set aside. Fresh DCM:MeOH (2:1) was added to the biomass, and the process was repeated to ensure thorough extraction. The combined liquids were evaporated using a rotary evaporator to obtain the Crude. For the resultant dry material, a known amount of DMSO was added for long-term storage. Alternatively, the material was mixed with DCM: MeOH (2:1) and silica powder for vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) preparation. The loaded silica powder was dried using evaporation and subsequently utilized for the VLC. The extraction library was prepared using a vacuum pump, facilitating the following sequential solvents: Fraction B’: 90% Hexane, 10% Ethyl Acetate, Fraction D’: 60% Hexane, 40% Ethyl Acetate, Fraction F’: 20% Hexane, 80% Ethyl Acetate, Fraction H’: 75% Ethyl Acetate, 25% Methanol, Fraction I’: 100% Methanol. Pure MeOH was used as a blank injection.

Sampleprep ID:

SP004424

Sampleprep Summary:

The freeze-dried biomass was weighed and submerged in a dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) mixture at a 2:1 ratio. The mixture underwent sonication (Digital Pro- digital ultrasonic cleaner) for 30 minutes to enhance extraction. After 24 hours, the liquid was drained and set aside. Fresh DCM:MeOH (2:1) was added to the biomass, and the process was repeated to ensure thorough extraction. The combined liquids were evaporated using a rotary evaporator to obtain the Crude. For the resultant dry material, a known amount of DMSO was added for long-term storage. Alternatively, the material was mixed with DCM: MeOH (2:1) and silica powder for vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) preparation. The loaded silica powder was dried using evaporation and subsequently utilized for the VLC. The extraction library was prepared using a vacuum pump, facilitating the following sequential solvents: Fraction B’: 90% Hexane, 10% Ethyl Acetate, Fraction D’: 60% Hexane, 40% Ethyl Acetate, Fraction F’: 20% Hexane, 80% Ethyl Acetate, Fraction H’: 75% Ethyl Acetate, 25% Methanol, Fraction I’: 100% Methanol. Pure MeOH was used as a blank injection.

Combined analysis:

Analysis ID	AN007098
Chromatography ID	CH005391
MS ID	MS006795
Analysis type	MS
Chromatography type	Reversed phase
Chromatography system	Thermo Vanquish
Column	Phenomenex Kinetex C18 (50 x 2.1mm,1.7um)
MS Type	ESI
MS instrument type	QTOF
MS instrument name	Bruker timsTOF
Ion Mode	NEGATIVE
Units	Area

Chromatography:

Chromatography ID:	CH005391
Chromatography Summary:	Samples were analyzed with Thermo Scientific Vanquish HPLC system coupled with Bruker TIMS-TOF Pro 2 mass spectrometer. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kinetex C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm, Phenomenex, USA) with guard column. Flow rate was set to 0.3 mL×min−1, column compartment was set to 35 °C, and autosampler tray was maintained at 4 °C. Initial mobile phase A consisted of water with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid, mobile phase B was acetonitrile with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid. The mobile phase linear gradient (%B) was as follows: 0.0-1.0 min 5 %, 7.0 min 95 %, 9.0-10.5 min 95%, 11.0 min 5 %, 15.0 min 5 %. The injection volume was 1 uL.
Instrument Name:	Thermo Vanquish
Column Name:	Phenomenex Kinetex C18 (50 x 2.1mm,1.7um)
Column Temperature:	35
Flow Gradient:	The mobile phase linear gradient (%B) was as follows: 0.0-1.0 min 5 %, 7.0 min 95 %, 9.0-10.5 min 95%, 11.0 min 5 %, 15.0 min 5 %
Flow Rate:	0.3 mL/min
Solvent A:	100% water; 0.1% formic acid
Solvent B:	100% acetonitrile; 0.1% formic acid
Chromatography Type:	Reversed phase

MS:

MS ID:	MS006795
Analysis ID:	AN007098
Instrument Name:	Bruker timsTOF
Instrument Type:	QTOF
MS Type:	ESI
MS Comments:	Mass detection has been performed via timsTOF Pro2 instrument with an ESI ionization source working in negative mode in SCAN and DDA (Auto MS/MS) modes simultaneously. Metabolites were recorded in the range 50-2000 m/z. DDA parameters were following: MS spectra rate 1 Hz, MS/MS spectra rate 12 Hz, MS/MS spectra rate limits 12-20 Hz, rate control: Dynamic, total cycle time 1.83 s, target intensity 20 000, preferred charge states: 1-2, number of precursors: 10, active exclusion after 3 spectra and release after 0.5 min. Ionization source parameters were following: nebulizer 2.2 Bar, dry gas 10 L/min, capillary voltage 4.5 kV, dry temperature 300 °C. Accumulation time was set to 200 ms, resolution – 70K; automatic gain control – 5E+06.
Ion Mode:	NEGATIVE