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MB Sample ID: SA091066

Local Sample ID:17_41 _t_120
Subject ID:SU001319
Subject Type:Human
Subject Species:Homo sapiens
Taxonomy ID:9606
Age Or Age Range:19-27
Weight Or Weight Range:58-92
Height Or Height Range:172-190
Gender:Male
Human Race:Caucasian
Human Trial Type:Prospective randomized open label controlled intervention study
Human Medications:None
Human Prescription Otc:None
Human Smoking Status:Non smoker
Human Alcohol Drug Use:Not in
Human Nutrition:Fasted for 12 hours before the first sample was obtained.
Human Inclusion Criteria:Healthy (normal physical examination, electrocardiography, and routine laboratory values).
Human Exclusion Criteria:Febrile illness during the 2 weeks before the endotoxemia experiment, taking any prescription medication, history of spontaneous vagal collapse, practicing or experience with any kind of meditation, or participation in a previous trial where LPS was administered.

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Treatment:

Treatment ID:TR001334
Treatment Summary:The subjects were randomly allocated to the trained group (n=12) or the control group (n=12) by the opening of sealed envelopes prepared by unblinded staff not involved in the study. The trained group underwent a 10-day training program provided by Dutch individual Wim Hof, which consisted of three main elements: meditation, exposure to cold, and breathing exercises (see https://www.pnas.org/content/111/20/7379.long for a detailed description). After completion of the training, subjects underwent experimental human endotoxemia at our intensive care research unit, consisting of administration of an intravenous bolus of 2 ng/kg of US Standard Reference Escherichia coli endotoxin (E. coli O:113 [LPS], Clinical Center Reference Endotoxin; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The experimental human endotoxemia protocol is provided in detail elsewhere (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29936295; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300908418301718?via%3Dihub). The control group did not undergo any training procedures and also underwent experimental human endotoxemia. Subjects in the trained group started practicing the breathing exercises acquired during the training program 30 minutes before LPS administration until two-and-a-half hours afterwards. The control group did not practice any techniques throughout the endotoxemia experiment. As described in detail elsewhere (https://www.pnas.org/content/111/20/7379.long), the breathing techniques consisted of two exercises. In brief, the first exercise comprised cycles of vigorous hyperventilation (approximately 30 breaths) followed by breath holding for several minutes at the discretion of the subject. The second exercise was similar, but at the end of the hyperventilation period, breath was only held for 10 seconds during all body muscles were tightened.
Treatment:Nonpharmacological training intervention
Treatment Compound:n/a.
Treatment Route:n/a.
Treatment Dose:n/a.
Treatment Dosevolume:n/a.
Treatment Doseduration:10 days
Treatment Vehicle:control group
Human Fasting:Yes, 12 hours before obtaining the first sample.
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