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MGP002564

UniProt Annotations

Entry Information
Gene NameRAD21 homolog (S. pombe)
Protein EntryRAD21_HUMAN
UniProt IDO60216
SpeciesHuman
Comments
Comment typeDescription
DiseaseCornelia de Lange syndrome 4 (CDLS4) [MIM:614701]: A form of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, a clinically heterogeneous developmental disorder associated with malformations affecting multiple systems. It is characterized by facial dysmorphisms, abnormal hands and feet, growth delay, cognitive retardation, hirsutism, gastroesophageal dysfunction and cardiac, ophthalmologic and genitourinary anomalies. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22633399}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
DomainThe C-terminal part associates with the head of SMC1A, while the N-terminal part binds to the head of SMC3. {ECO:0000250}.
FunctionCleavable component of the cohesin complex, involved in chromosome cohesion during cell cycle, in DNA repair, and in apoptosis. The cohesin complex is required for the cohesion of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin complex apparently forms a large proteinaceous ring within which sister chromatids can be trapped. At metaphase-anaphase transition, this protein is cleaved by separase/ESPL1 and dissociates from chromatin, allowing sister chromatids to segregate. The cohesin complex may also play a role in spindle pole assembly during mitosis. Also plays a role in apoptosis, via its cleavage by caspase-3/CASP3 or caspase-7/CASP7 during early steps of apoptosis: the C-terminal 64 kDa cleavage product may act as a nuclear signal to initiate cytoplasmic events involved in the apoptotic pathway. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11875078, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12417729}.
InteractionQ29RF7:PDS5A; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-80739, EBI-1175454; Q9NTI5:PDS5B; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-80739, EBI-1175604; Q9UQE7:SMC3; NbExp=10; IntAct=EBI-80739, EBI-80718; Q9NP77:SSU72; NbExp=9; IntAct=EBI-80739, EBI-2515416; Q7Z5K2:WAPAL; NbExp=11; IntAct=EBI-80739, EBI-1022242;
PolymorphismSome radiosensitive cancer patients seem to have Arg-481 instead of the conserved Gly-481. It may be that this mutation could contribute to radiosensitivity.
PtmCleaved by separase/ESPL1 at the onset of anaphase. Cleaved by caspase-3 and caspase-7 at the beginning of apoptosis. The cleavage by ESPL1 and caspase-3 take place at different sites. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11509732, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11875078, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12417729}.
PtmPhosphorylated; becomes hyperphosphorylated in M phase of cell cycle. The large dissociation of cohesin from chromosome arms during prophase may be partly due to its phosphorylation by PLK. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11073952, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18669648, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19690332, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20068231}.
Sequence CautionSequence=BAA07554.2; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally shortened.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
SimilarityBelongs to the rad21 family. {ECO:0000305}.
Subcellular LocationNucleus. Chromosome. Chromosome, centromere. Note=Associates with chromatin. Before prophase it is scattered along chromosome arms. During prophase, most of cohesin complexes dissociate from chromatin probably because of phosphorylation by PLK, except at centromeres, where cohesin complexes remain. At anaphase, it is cleaved by separase/ESPL1, leading to the dissociation of the complex from chromosomes, allowing chromosome separation. Once cleaved by caspase-3, the C-terminal 64 kDa cleavage product translocates to the cytoplasm, where it may trigger apoptosis.
SubunitCohesin complexes are composed of the SMC1 (SMC1A or SMC1B) and SMC3 heterodimer attached via their hinge domain, RAD21 which link them, and one STAG protein (STAG1, STAG2 or STAG3), which interacts with RAD21. Found in a complex with SMC1A, SMC3, CDCA5, PDS5A/APRIN and PDS5B/SCC-112. Interacts with PDS5B and WAPAL; the interaction is direct. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11590136, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15837422, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19696148}.
Web ResourceName=NIEHS-SNPs; URL="http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/rad21/";
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